ZINC CATION

US Approved OTC

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	Zn
Molecular Weight	65.3956
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	2

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[ZnH2+2]

InChI

InChIKey=PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/Zn/q+2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	Zn
Molecular Weight	65.3956
Charge	2
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB01303http://www.t3db.ca/toxins/T3D0733https://www.google.com/patents/US3130034http://www.chemistrylearner.com/zinc-hydroxide.html | http://www.lookchem.com/Zinc-hydroxide/http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8415 | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/?set=IndirectAdditives&id=ZINCSULFIDE | http://www.imse.iastate.edu/files/2014/03/Jianqiang_Li_Master_Thesis.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477783http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/zinc-and-compounds | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27546855 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6353570https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/724913/ZINC_CARBONATE/# | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=582.80 | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=347.10 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10378806 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17633459http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/125327s020lbl.pdfhttps://www.drugs.com/mtm/zinc-oxide-topical.html
Curator's Comment:: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20225250 | https://www.drugs.com/cdi/menthol-zinc-oxide-ointment.html |

Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. ZnO is a white powder that is insoluble in water, and it is widely used as an additive in numerous materials and products including rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, and first-aid tapes. Although it occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, most zinc oxide is produced synthetically. Zinc oxide is widely used to treat a variety of skin conditions, including dermatitis, itching due to eczema, diaper rash and acne. It is used in products such as baby powder and barrier creams to treat diaper rashes, calamine cream, anti-dandruff shampoos, and antiseptic ointments. It is also a component in tape (called "zinc oxide tape") used by athletes as a bandage to prevent soft tissue damage during workouts. Zinc oxide can be used in ointments, creams, and lotions to protect against sunburn and other damage to the skin caused by ultraviolet light (see sunscreen). It is the broadest spectrum UVA and UVB absorber that is approved for use as a sunscreen by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and is completely photostable. When used as an ingredient in sunscreen, zinc oxide blocks both UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (280–320 nm) rays of ultraviolet light. Zinc oxide and the other most common physical sunscreen, titanium dioxide, are considered to be nonirritating, nonallergenic, and non-comedogenic. Zinc oxide nanoparticles can enhance the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin. It has been shown that nano ZnO which has the average size between 20 nm and 45 nm can enhance the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. The enhancing effect of this nanomaterial is concentration dependent against all test strains. This effect may be due to two reasons. First, zinc oxide nanoparticles can interfere with NorA protein, which is developed for conferring resistance in bacteria and has pumping activity that mediate the effluxing of hydrophilic fluoroquinolones from a cell. Second, zinc oxide nanoparticles can interfere with Omf protein, which is responsible for the permeation of quinolones into the cell.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Streptococcus mutans 40 Target ID: CHEMBL612426 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12599434 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2913640	Inhibitor 7728
respiratory burst 38 Target ID: GO:0045730 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8157083	Activator 1343
transformed cell apoptotic process 104 Target ID: GO:0006927 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477783	Activator 1343
Methotrexate 37 Target ID: CHEMBL2364710 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/125327s020lbl.pdf	Hydrolytic Enzyme 37
Target ID: ultraviolet B-induced damage Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25947194	Interacts 318
T cell mediated immunity 39 Target ID: GO:0002456 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24077486	Activator 1343
Zinc transporter ZIP1 37 Target ID: Q9NY26 Gene ID: 27173.0 Gene Symbol: SLC39A1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24077486	Binding Agent 996
Zinc transporter ZIP2 37 Target ID: Q9NP94 Gene ID: 29986.0 Gene Symbol: SLC39A2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24077486	Binding Agent 996

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Unknown 2502
Unknown 2502
Unknown 2502
Caries 42 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12599434 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2913640 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6353570	Preventing	Basic research	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Ulcerative colitis 117 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/international/corticotropin-zinc-hydroxide.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13469787	Primary	Approved 8043	CORTROPHIN-ZINC Approved Use Treatment of ulcerative colitis and other colonic disorders. Launch Date -4.55328006E11
Zinc deficiency 38 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6383773	Primary	Preclinical	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Acute myeloid leukemia 128 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477783	Primary	Basic research	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Breast cancer 411 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27305766	Primary	Basic research	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Renal insufficiency 39 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/125327s020lbl.pdf	Secondary	Approved 8043	VORAXAZE Approved Use Indicated for the treatment of toxic plasma methotrexate concentrations (>1 micromole per liter) in patients with delayed methotrexate clearance due to impaired renal function. Limitation of use: VORAXAZE is not indicated for use in patients who exhibit the expected clearance of methotrexate (plasma methotrexate concentrations within 2 standard deviations of the mean methotrexate excretion curve specific for the dose of methotrexate administered) or those with normal or mildly impaired renal function because of the potential risk of subtherapeutic exposure to methotrexate. Launch Date 1.32675836E12
Diaper dermatitis 37 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/021026s000lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8043	VUSION Approved Use INDICATIONS AND USAGE VUSION Ointment is indicated for the adjunctive treatment of diaper dermatitis only when complicated by documented candidiasis (microscopic evidence of pseudohyphae and/or budding yeast), in immunocompetent pediatric patients 4 weeks and older. A positive fungal culture for Candida albicans is not adequate evidence of candidal infection since colonization with C. albicans can result in a positive culture. The presence of candidal infection should be established by microscopic evaluation prior to initiating treatment. VUSION Ointment should be used as part of a treatment regimen that includes measures directed at the underlying diaper dermatitis, including gentle cleansing of the diaper area and frequent diaper changes. Launch Date 1.140048E12
Poison Ivy dermatitis 37 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/cdi/zinc-oxide-cream.html	Primary	Approved 8043	ZINC OXIDE Approved Use Unknown
Gastrointestinal disorders 93 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/zinc-sulfate-injection.html	Primary	Approved 8043	ZINC SULFATE Approved Use Unknown Launch Date 5.47171205E11
Mucositis 38 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01015183	Primary	Phase III 643	ZINC SULFATE Approved Use Unknown Launch Date 5.47171205E11
Dysgeusia 37 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00036881	Primary	Phase III 643	ZINC SULFATE Approved Use Unknown Launch Date 5.47171205E11
Unknown 2502

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
In vitro activity of zinc salts against human rhinoviruses.	1987 Apr	3038000
A medicated polycarboxylate cement to prevent complications in composite resin therapy.	1990 Jan	2404104
Zinc inhibition of renin and the protease from human immunodeficiency virus type 1.	1991 Sep 10	1888732
Molecular modeling studies suggest that zinc ions inhibit HIV-1 protease by binding at catalytic aspartates.	1993 Aug	8404763
New applications for the zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide technique.	1994 Feb	7512543
Iron chelators as therapeutic agents against Pneumocystis carinii.	1994 May	8067783
Cupric ion blocks NF kappa B activation through inhibiting the signal-induced phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha.	1995 Nov 13	7488149
SRR-SB3, a disulfide-containing macrolide that inhibits a late stage of the replicative cycle of human immunodeficiency virus.	1997 Feb	9021177
Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of Allylic Alcohols. The Effect of Zinc Iodide.	1997 May 16	11671728
Thujaplicin-copper chelates inhibit replication of human influenza viruses.	1998 Aug	9806486
Effects of trace metal compounds on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: an in vitro study.	1999 May	10327022
Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by zinc group metal compounds.	1999 Sep	10517314
Bioavailability, biodistribution, and toxicity of BioZn-AAS(1): a new zinc source. comparative studies in rats.	2000 Sep	10978858
Structure of the 53BP1 BRCT region bound to p53 and its comparison to the Brca1 BRCT structure.	2002 Mar 1	11877378
Comparison of the levels of copper, zinc and iron in cervical mucus and in blood serum of women of childbearing age.	2004	16145958
Lysine beta311 of protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I partially replaces magnesium.	2004 Jul 16	15131129
Inhibition by copper(II) binding of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) interaction with its receptor Met and blockade of HGF/Met function.	2004 Jul 30	15161915
Erythrocyte zinc content in critically ill patients.	2005	16176172
[Zinc and aluminum concentrations in blood of hemodialysis patients and its impact on the frequency of infections].	2005	15901979
Angiotensin II receptor blocker-induces blunted taste sensitivity: comparison of candesartan and valsartan.	2005 Aug	16042674
Effects of zinc supplementation in patients with type 1 diabetes.	2005 Summer	16034148
Elevated cortical zinc in Alzheimer disease.	2006 Jul 11	16832080
Marginal zinc deficiency increased the susceptibility to acute lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats.	2006 May	16636303
On the mechanism of the conversion of methanol to 2,2,3-trimethylbutane (triptane) over zinc iodide.	2006 Nov 10	17081022
Glucarpidase (carboxypeptidase g2) intervention in adult and elderly cancer patients with renal dysfunction and delayed methotrexate elimination after high-dose methotrexate therapy.	2007 Nov	18055849
Difficulty measuring methotrexate in a patient with high-dose methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity.	2010 Dec	21119035
Quantum dots trigger immunomodulation of the NFκB pathway in human skin cells.	2011 Jul	21481475
High-dose methotrexate-induced renal dysfunction: is glucarpidase necessary for rescue?	2011 Mar 1	21220601
Zeta potential and solubility to toxic ions as mechanisms of lung inflammation caused by metal/metal oxide nanoparticles.	2012 Apr	22240982
Association of zinc ion release and oxidative stress induced by intratracheal instillation of ZnO nanoparticles to rat lung.	2012 Jun 25	22640810
Molecular cloning, characterization of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and expression analysis of stress-responsive genes from Eisenia fetida against dietary zinc oxide.	2012 Mar	22137962
Distinct immunomodulatory effects of a panel of nanomaterials in human dermal fibroblasts.	2012 May 5	22342292
Glucarpidase for the treatment of life-threatening methotrexate overdose.	2012 Nov	23170306
Reactive oxygen species-induced cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rat retinal ganglion cells.	2013 Mar	23232460
Inorganic salts in atmospheric particulate matter: Raman spectroscopy as an analytical tool.	2013 Nov	23880412
Mechanism of uptake of ZnO nanoparticles and inflammatory responses in macrophages require PI3K mediated MAPKs signaling.	2014 Apr	24368203
Additive effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles and isoorientin on apoptosis in human hepatoma cell line.	2014 Mar 3	24374571
Efficacy of glucarpidase (carboxypeptidase g2) in patients with acute kidney injury after high-dose methotrexate therapy.	2014 May	24132809
Glucarpidase for the management of elevated methotrexate levels in patients with impaired renal function.	2014 May 15	24780487
Immunomodulatory activity of zinc peroxide (ZnO₂) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles and their effects on DNA and protein integrity.	2014 May 16	24631018
ZnO nanoparticles induced adjuvant effect via toll-like receptors and Src signaling in Balb/c mice.	2014 Nov 4	25127755
Ultrasonic assisted removal of sunset yellow from aqueous solution by zinc hydroxide nanoparticle loaded activated carbon: Optimized experimental design.	2015	25953543
Synthesis aspects, structural, spectroscopic, antimicrobial and room temperature ferromagnetism of zinc iodide complex with Schiff based ligand.	2015 Jan 25	25173522
Practical considerations for the administration of glucarpidase in high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) induced renal dysfunction.	2015 Sep	25940351
Comparable efficacy with varying dosages of glucarpidase in pediatric oncology patients.	2015 Sep	25631103
Simultaneous sulfate and zinc removal from acid wastewater using an acidophilic and autotrophic biocathode.	2016 Mar 5	26561748
Spectroscopic probe to contribution of physicochemical transformations in the toxicity of aged ZnO NPs to Chlorella vulgaris: new insight into the variation of toxicity of ZnO NPs under aging process.	2016 Oct	27248459
Risk Assessment Study of Fluoride Salts: Probability-Impact Matrix of Renal and Hepatic Toxicity Markers.	2016 Sep	26892107
Mycobacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibition with phenolic acids and esters: kinetic and computational investigations.	2016 Sep 21	27530867
Intense 2.7μm emission in Er(3+) doped zinc fluoride glass.	2017 May 15	28214427

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)-expressed as elemental zinc: 19 years and older: Male: 11 mg (Upper intake limit: 34 mg); Female: 9 mg (Upper intake limit: 34 mg); Pregnancy: 11 mg (Upper intake limit: 40 mg); Lactation: 12 mg (Upper intake limit: 40 mg) Zinc sulfate injection: IV: Metabolically stable adults receiving TPN: 2.5 to 4 mg zinc/day Acute catabolic states on TPN: Additional 2 mg zinc per day is recommended. Stable adult with fluid loss from the small bowel: Additional 12.2 mg zinc/liter of small bowel fluid lost, or an additional 17.1 mg zinc/kg of stool or ileostomy output is recommended.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

HeLa, COS-7, and HEK293-T cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS, Invitrogen), glutamine (2 mM), penicillin (100 units/mL), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL). Two days before imaging, the cells were passed and plated on untreated (HeLa, COS-7) 10-mm glass coverslips or on glass coverslips coated with 0.2% gelatin for at least 1 h at room temperature (HEK293-T). For labeling, the growth medium was removed and replaced with DMEM containing 1% FCS. The cells were treated and incubated with 10 μM sensor at 37 °C under 5% CO2 for 30 min. The cells were washed once with and bathed in DMEM containing no FCS prior to imaging and/or zinc addition. Zinc was introduced to the cultured cells as the pyrithione salt using a Zn (II)/pyrithione ratio of 1:1 or 1:2. Stock solutions of ZnCl2 (10 mM) and sodium pyrithione (20 mM) in DMSO were combined and diluted 10-fold with DMEM prior to addition. In a typical experiment, a 100-μL aliquot of this solution was added to the cells bathed in 2 mL of DMEM. A stock solution of TPEN (10 or 20 mM) was also diluted 10-fold with DMEM containing no FCS prior to cell treatment.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Jun 25 21:26:35 UTC 2021` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Jun 25 21:26:35 UTC 2021`
Record UNII	13S1S8SF37
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

ZINC CATION

Common Name

English

ZINC ION

Common Name

English

ZINC(II)

Systematic Name

English

ZINC ION(2+)

Common Name

English

ZINC(2+)

Systematic Name

English

ZINC, ION (ZN2+)

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NDF-RT

N0000175530