Dutacatib is cathepsin K inhibitor developed by Novartis which reached a Phase I osteoporosis trial. Dutacatib reversibly binds to the catalytic site of cathepsin K, blocking substrate binding and subsequent cleavage. In preclinical models of breast cancer bone metastasis, treatment and preventive protocols with the cathepsin K inhibitor dutacatib (AFG495) alone or in combination with ZOL decreased tumour-induced osteolysis and skeletal tumour burden and did not affect primary breast tumour growth.

Estrofurate (AY-11483) is an impeded estrogen. it prevents ovulation and implantation.

Etoformin is an antidiabetic drug. It decreases gluconeogenesis and increases peripheral utilization of glucose.

IRTEMAZOLE is a uricosuric agent exhibiting a rapid uricosuric effect in normouricemic as well as in hyperuricemic persons.

Fosfosal (2-phosphonoxybenzoic acid) is a O-phosphorylated derivative of salicylic acid used in analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Fosfosal showed analgesic effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing and in the hot plate tests in mice, and showed antiinflammatory effect in the xylene induced mice ears swelling and in acetic acid induced increased vascular permeability tests in mice. Both the effects had no significant differences between fosfosal and aspirin, but the former had less stomach irritation.

Foropafant is a platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist which was developed by Sanofi. It was in clinical development for the treatment of asthma, thrombosis and ulcerative colitis. The development of the drug was discontinued due to lack of efficacy.

ISOFEZOLAC is a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. It is indicated for use in various forms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

Bifeprunox, code name DU-127,090 is an atypical antipsychotic agent, which combines minimal D2 receptor agonism with 5-HT receptor agonism. Bifeprunox was in phase III of clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia, Bipolar Depression and in phase I for Parkinson's disease, but these studies were discontinued because efficacy data did not support pursuing the existing development strategy of stabilization of non-acute patients with schizophrenia.

Tantalum (Ta) possesses osteoinductivity that was studied in healthy subjects. It is known that the integrin α5β1/ERK1/2 pathway plays a crucial role in regulating rat bone mesenchymal stromal cells (rBMSCs) osteogenic differentiation. Thus, the greater ability of a Ta surface to trigger integrin α5β1/ERK1/2 signaling could explain its better osteoinductivity. Besides, there are no reports of adverse health effects of Ta in industrially exposed workers. In contact with tissue, metallic tantalum is inert.