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Restrict the search for
amphotericin b
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Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 331.11(k)(1) antacid:sodium-containing sodium bicarbonate
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Potassium Bicarbonate U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Diammonium carbonate is a salt with the chemical formula (NH4)2CO3. Since it readily degrades to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating, it is used as a leavening agent and also as smelling salt. Ammonium carbonate may be used as a leavening agent in traditional recipes, particularly those from northern Europe and Scandinavia (e.g. Speculoos, Tunnbröd or Lebkuchen). It also serves as an acidity regulator and has the E number E503. Ammonium carbonate is the main component of smelling salts, although the commercial scale of their production is small. Buckley's cough syrup from Canada today uses ammonium carbonate as an active ingredient intended to help relieve symptoms of bronchitis. Ammonium carbonate is also used as an emetic.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 331.11(a)(5) antacid:aluminum-containing dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Potassium Carbonate U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Potash (Dihydroxyaluminum Sodium Carbonate), a component of
Kompensan-S Forte in Germany, is a basic inorganic salt that acts by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. Kompensan-S Forte is slowly solubilized in the stomach and reacts with hydrochloric acid to form aluminum chloride and water. It also inhibits the action of pepsin by increasing the pH and via adsorption. Cytoprotective effects may occur through increases in bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and prostaglandins.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 349.16 ophthalmic:hypertonic agent sodium chloride
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Sodium Chloride U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 344.1 otic:earwax removal aid carbamide peroxide 6.5% (in anhydrous glycerin)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Hydrogen peroxide has been used in medicine for more than 100 years. It is known in surgery as a highly useful irrigation solution by virtue of both its hemostatic and its antimicrobial effects. Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation (e.g., due to canker/cold sores, gingivitis). This product works by releasing oxygen when it is applied to the affected area. The release of oxygen causes foaming, which helps to remove dead skin and clean the area. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 335.10(b) antidiarrheal kaolin
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Kaolin is a hydrated aluminum silicate mineral. It occurs naturally as a clay that is prepared for pharmaceutical purposes by washing with water to remove sand and other impurities. Kaolin has traditionally been used internally to control diarrhea. Kaolin has also been used topically as an emollient and drying agent. Specifically, it has been used to dry oozing and weeping poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac lesions. It has also been used as a protectant for the temporary relief of anorectal itching and diaper rash. Kaolin is used in medicine as an activator of intrinsic pathway of coagulation in an aPPT test.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 331.11(a)(2) antacid:aluminum-containing aluminum hydroxide-magnesium trisilicate, co-dried gel
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Aluminum Hydroxide U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Algeldrate (Aluminium hydroxide) is the amphoteric inorganic compound used as an antacid in the treatment of Duodenal, Peptic and Stomach Ulcer and some other conditions. Aluminium hydroxide is preferred over other alternatives such as sodium bicarbonate because Al(OH)3, being insoluble, does not increase the pH of stomach above 7 and hence, does not trigger secretion of excess acid by the stomach. Brand names include Alu-Cap, Aludrox, Gaviscon or Pepsamar. It reacts with the excess acid in the stomach, reducing the acidity of the stomach content, which may relieve the symptoms of ulcers, heartburn or dyspepsia. Such products can cause constipation, because the aluminum ions inhibit the contractions of smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract, slowing peristalsis and lengthening the time needed for stool to pass through the colon. Some such products (such as Maalox) are formulated to minimize such effects through the inclusion of equal concentrations of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate, which have counterbalancing laxative effects. This compound is also used to control phosphate (phosphorus) levels in the blood of people suffering from kidney failure. Precipitated aluminum hydroxide is included as an adjuvant in some vaccines (e.g. anthrax vaccine). One of the well-known brands of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is Alhydrogel, made by Brenntag Biosector. Since it absorbs protein well, it also functions to stabilize vaccines by preventing the proteins in the vaccine from precipitating or sticking to the walls of the container during storage. Aluminium hydroxide is sometimes mistakenly called "alum", which properly refers to aluminum potassium sulfate. Vaccine formulations containing aluminum hydroxide stimulate the immune system by inducing the release of uric acid, an immunological danger signal. This strongly attracts certain types of monocytes which differentiate into dendritic cells. The dendritic cells pick up the antigen, carry it to lymph nodes, and stimulate T cells and B cells. It appears to contribute to induction of a good Th2 response, so is useful for immunizing against pathogens that are blocked by antibodies. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was speculated that aluminum was related to various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Since then, multiple epidemiological studies have found no connection between exposure to aluminum and neurological disorders.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 333.210(d) antifungal povidone-iodine
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Tetraglycine hydroperiodide is an iodine-containing chemical, used for water purification. Tetraglycine hydroperiodide is marketed in tablets; each tablet effectively disinfects 1 liter of clear water or 0.5 liter of tainted water by releasing approximately 8 mg free iodine. It requires approximately 30 minutes to inactivate target microorganisms and make water bacteriologically suitable for drinking. To remove iodine taste, a vitamin C pill is added to the kit.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 331.11(g)(4) antacid:magnesium-containing magnesium carbonate
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Magnesium Carbonate U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 346.10(b) anorectal:local anesthetic benzyl alcohol
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. FDA agency approved benzyl alcohol for the treatment of head lice. The drug acts on head lice by inhibiting them from closing their respiratory spiracles, allowing the vehicle to obstruct the spiracles and causing the lice to asphyxiate.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 331.11(f) antacid glycine (aminoacetic acid)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Glycine (Cly) is a natural amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as a co-agonist at Glutamate [NMDA] receptors in the brain and is an activator of glycine receptors, GLRA1-3, GLRB. The abnormal Gly levels have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Alterations in Gly levels are implicated in several diseases of the central nervous system. Glycine was studied in phase II of clinical trials in patients with schizophrenia. The results have shown that using of glycine was associated with reduced symptoms with promising effect sizes and a possibility of improvement in cognitive function. Besides, glycine was also studied in clinical trials phase II in children with cystic fibrosis. The clinical, spirometric and inflammatory status of subjects with cystic fibrosis improved after just 8 weeks of glycine intake, suggesting that this amino acid might constitute a novel therapeutic tool for these patients. In addition, Gly was proposed as a biomarker for brain tumor malignancy. Glycine is a component of a nutrients mixture for peripheral administration to well-nourished mildly catabolic adult patients who require only short-term parenteral nutrition.
