Hydrogen peroxide

US Approved OTC

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	H2O2
Molecular Weight	34.0147
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

OO

InChI

InChIKey=MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/H2O2/c1-2/h1-2H

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	H2O2
Molecular Weight	34.0147
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/209305s000lbl.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29147868 | https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76035/hydrogen-peroxide/details | https://www.drugs.com/otc/hydrogen-peroxide.html

Hydrogen peroxide has been used in medicine for more than 100 years. It is known in surgery as a highly useful irrigation solution by virtue of both its hemostatic and its antimicrobial effects. Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation (e.g., due to canker/cold sores, gingivitis). This product works by releasing oxygen when it is applied to the affected area. The release of oxygen causes foaming, which helps to remove dead skin and clean the area. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
oxidoreductase activity 4 Target ID: GO:0016491 Sources: http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039206	Modulator 846
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 7 Target ID: O94759 Gene ID: 7226.0 Gene Symbol: TRPM2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512294 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11960981 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15302683	Agonist 2752		4.54 null [pEC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Seborrheic keratoses 4 Sources: https://www.centerwatch.com/drug-information/fda-approved-drugs/drug/100242/eskata-hydrogen-peroxide http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039206	Primary	Approved 8583	ESKATA Approved Use ESKATA is indicated for the treatment of seborrheic keratoses that are raised. Launch Date 2017
Skin infections 59 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/cdi/hydrogen-peroxide-solution.html https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76035/hydrogen-peroxide/details	Preventing	Approved 8583	Hydrogen Peroxide Solution Approved Use Uses of Hydrogen Peroxide Solution: It is used to prevent skin infections. It is used to help get rid of phlegm or mucus or help with a sore mouth.
Gingivitis 45 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/cdi/hydrogen-peroxide-solution.html https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76035/hydrogen-peroxide/details	Primary	Approved 8583	Hydrogen Peroxide Solution Approved Use Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation (e.g., due to canker/cold sores, gingivitis). Launch Date 1982

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Metalloenzyme-like activity of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid. Cu-dependent catalytic conversion of dopamine, cholesterol, and biological reducing agents to neurotoxic H(2)O(2).	2002-10-25	12192006
Reactive oxygen species stimulated human hepatoma cell proliferation via cross-talk between PI3-K/PKB and JNK signaling pathways.	2002-10-15	12361705
Mechanisms of the genotoxicity of crocidolite asbestos in mammalian cells: implication from mutation patterns induced by reactive oxygen species.	2002-10	12361925
Molecular inhibitory mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and kidney by cadmium.	2002-09-30	12204541
Iron augments stage-I and stage-II tumor promotion in murine skin.	2002-09-26	12065085
The antioxidant cocktail effective microorganism X (EM-X) inhibits oxidant-induced interleukin-8 release and the peroxidation of phospholipids in vitro.	2002-09-06	12207893
Is calcineurin a peroxide-specific sensor in T-lymphocytes?	2002-09	12203019
An in vitro model of Parkinson's disease: linking mitochondrial impairment to altered alpha-synuclein metabolism and oxidative damage.	2002-08-15	12177198
D-penicillamine cooperates with copper sulfate to enhance the surface expression of functional Fas antigen in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts via the generation of hydrogen peroxide.	2002-08-15	12175101
Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis: implications in cardiotoxicity.	2002-08-07	12162424
Copper uptake is required for pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate-mediated oxidation and protein level increase of p53 in cells.	2002-08-01	11964141
High glucose stimulates angiotensinogen gene expression via reactive oxygen species generation in rat kidney proximal tubular cells.	2002-08	12130563
Superoxide anion-dependent Raf/MEK/ERK activation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), ciglitazone, and GW1929.	2002-07-15	12083801
Expression of caveolin-1 induces premature cellular senescence in primary cultures of murine fibroblasts.	2002-07	12134086
Overexpression of human metallothionein-III prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human fibroblasts.	2002-06-19	12067712
Reversible inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by H2O2.	2002-06-07	11916965
Menadione biphasically controls JNK-linked cell death in leukemia Jurkat T cells.	2002-06	12215205
Cellular stresses profoundly inhibit protein synthesis and modulate the states of phosphorylation of multiple translation factors.	2002-06	12071973
Differential expression of two stress-inducible hsp70 genes by various stressors.	2002-05-31	12085988
Expression of rat liver glutathione-S-transferase GSTA5 in cell lines provides increased resistance to alkylating agents and toxic aldehydes.	2002-05-20	12076520
Protein overload-induced NF-kappaB activation in proximal tubular cells requires H(2)O(2) through a PKC-dependent pathway.	2002-05	11961005
Role of reactive oxygen species and NAD(P)H oxidase in alpha(1)-adrenoceptor signaling in adult rat cardiac myocytes.	2002-04	11880281
Signals of oxidant-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy: key activation of p70 S6 kinase-1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.	2002-03	11861821
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: the key to sex-related xenobiotic toxicity in hepatocytes of European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.)?	2002-03	11856576
Overexpression of copper zinc superoxide dismutase suppresses human glioma cell growth.	2002-02-15	11861405
Induction of endothelin-1 expression by oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells.	2002-01-05	11755377
Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha protein by the oxidative stressor arsenite.	2001-12-21	11641398
Chromium chloride inhibits oxidative stress and TNF-alpha secretion caused by exposure to high glucose in cultured U937 monocytes.	2001-12-07	11726202
NF kappa B and AP-1 mediate transcriptional responses to oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells.	2001-12-01	11728812
DJ-1 is an indicator for endogenous reactive oxygen species elicited by endotoxin.	2001-12	11811539
Transcriptional induction of MKP-1 in response to stress is associated with histone H3 phosphorylation-acetylation.	2001-12	11689710
Paraoxonase-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein with antioxidant properties and is capable of preventing cell-mediated oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein.	2001-11-30	11579088
Phosphorylation is involved in the activation of metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 in response to metal ions.	2001-11-09	11551972
p38 MAP kinase mediates stress-induced leukotriene synthesis in a human B-lymphocyte cell line.	2001-11	11698504
Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase mediates oxidative and excitotoxic neuronal death.	2001-10-09	11593040
Reactive oxygen species mediate cyclic strain-induced endothelin-1 gene expression via Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in endothelial cells.	2001-10	11603923
Acetaminophen induces apoptosis of C6 glioma cells by activating the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal protein kinase-related cell death pathway.	2001-10	11562448
Reactive carbonyl formation by oxidative and non-oxidative pathways.	2001-08-01	11487471
Thioredoxin peroxidase-1 (peroxiredoxin-1) is increased in thioredoxin-1 transfected cells and results in enhanced protection against apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide but not by other agents including dexamethasone, etoposide, and doxorubicin.	2001-08-01	11469800
Characterization of a stellate cell activation-associated protein (STAP) with peroxidase activity found in rat hepatic stellate cells.	2001-07-06	11320098
Human alveolar macrophages and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced monocyte-derived macrophages are resistant to H2O2 via their high basal and inducible levels of catalase activity.	2001-06-29	11313354
Activation of NFkappaB and MnSOD gene expression by free radical scavengers in human microvascular endothelial cells.	2001-06-15	11390188
Cytokine mRNA profiles in cultured human skin component cells exposed to various chemicals: a simulation model of epicutaneous stimuli induced by skin barrier perturbation in comparison with that due to exposure to haptens or irritant.	2001-06	11378323
Repression of phenobarbital-dependent CYP2B1 mRNA induction by reactive oxygen species in primary rat hepatocyte cultures.	2001-06	11353799
The influence of oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes.	2001-05-04	11325355
Proteasome inhibition in oxidative stress neurotoxicity: implications for heat shock proteins.	2001-05	11359866
Simultaneous measurement of ERK, p38, and JNK MAP kinase cascades in vascular smooth muscle cells.	2001-04-28	11325585
Manganese superoxide dismutase signals matrix metalloproteinase expression via H2O2-dependent ERK1/2 activation.	2001-04-27	11297530
Repression of GADD153/CHOP by NF-kappaB: a possible cellular defense against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death.	2001-04-19	11360202
Mitochondrial-derived oxidants and quartz activation of chemokine gene expression.	2001	11764986

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Topical solution: 40% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide. Apply 4 times, approximately 1 minute apart, to the targeted lesion(s) during a single in-office treatment session.

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 100-500 uM) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the activity of recombinant mouse 3-MST enzyme. In mitochondria isolated from murine hepatoma cells, H2O2 (50-500 uM) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in production of H2S from 3-MP. In cultured murine hepatoma cells H2O2, (3-100 uM), did not result in overall cytotoxicity, but caused a partial decrease in basal oxygen consumption and respiratory reserve rapacity. The positive bioenergetic effect of 3-MP (100-300 nM) was completely abolished by pre-treatment of the cells with H2O2 (50 uM).

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:29:24 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:29:24 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	BBX060AN9V
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Preferred Name

English

Hydrogen peroxide

Official Name

English

HYROGEN PEROXIDE

Common Name

English

OXYDOL

Brand Name

English

NSC-19892

Code

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [FCC]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

ESKATA

Brand Name

English

OXYDOL [JAN]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTION

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [IARC]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [II]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [MART.]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

Hydrogen peroxide [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

A-101

Code

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [USP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

Food Contact Sustance Notif, (FCN No.)

FCN NO. 140