Hydrogen peroxide

US Approved OTC

First marketed in 1921

US Approved OTC

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	H2O2
Molecular Weight	34.0147
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

InChI

InChIKey=MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/H2O2/c1-2/h1-2H

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/209305s000lbl.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29147868 | https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76035/hydrogen-peroxide/details | https://www.drugs.com/otc/hydrogen-peroxide.html

Hydrogen peroxide has been used in medicine for more than 100 years. It is known in surgery as a highly useful irrigation solution by virtue of both its hemostatic and its antimicrobial effects. Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation (e.g., due to canker/cold sores, gingivitis). This product works by releasing oxygen when it is applied to the affected area. The release of oxygen causes foaming, which helps to remove dead skin and clean the area. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
oxidoreductase activity 4 Target ID: GO:0016491 Sources: http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039206	Modulator 828
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 7 Target ID: O94759 Gene ID: 7226.0 Gene Symbol: TRPM2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512294 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11960981 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15302683	Agonist 2678		4.54 null [pEC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Seborrheic keratoses 4 Sources: https://www.centerwatch.com/drug-information/fda-approved-drugs/drug/100242/eskata-hydrogen-peroxide http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039206	Primary	Approved 8429	ESKATA Approved Use ESKATA is indicated for the treatment of seborrheic keratoses that are raised. Launch Date 2017
Skin infections 59 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/cdi/hydrogen-peroxide-solution.html https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76035/hydrogen-peroxide/details	Preventing	Approved 8429	Hydrogen Peroxide Solution Approved Use Uses of Hydrogen Peroxide Solution: It is used to prevent skin infections. It is used to help get rid of phlegm or mucus or help with a sore mouth.
Gingivitis 44 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/cdi/hydrogen-peroxide-solution.html https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76035/hydrogen-peroxide/details	Primary	Approved 8429	Hydrogen Peroxide Solution Approved Use Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation (e.g., due to canker/cold sores, gingivitis). Launch Date 1982

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Effect of resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, on reactive oxygen species and prostaglandin production.	2000 Apr 1	10718345
Overexpression of wild-type and nuclear-targeted catalase modulates resistance to oxidative stress but does not alter spontaneous mutant frequencies at APRT.	2000 Apr 3	10751631
Lipid peroxides induce expression of catalase in cultured vascular cells.	2000 Aug	10946007
Activation of JNK, p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases by chromium(VI) is mediated through oxidative stress but does not affect cytotoxicity.	2000 Aug	10910949
Regulation of thyroid follicular cell function by intracellular redox-active copper.	2000 Dec	11108245
Oxidative stress causes mucin synthesis via transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor: role of neutrophils.	2000 Feb 1	10640773
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression by hydrogen peroxide.	2000 Feb 18	10679488
Characterization of two mu class glutathione S-transferases from guinea pig lens.	2000 Jan	10661898
Cynandione A from Cynanchum wilfordii protects cultured cortical neurons from toxicity induced by H2O2, L-glutamate, and kainate.	2000 Jan 15	10650884
Class A scavenger receptor up-regulation in smooth muscle cells by oxidized low density lipoprotein. Enhancement by calcium flux and concurrent cyclooxygenase-2 up-regulation.	2000 Jun 9	10837497
Angiotensin II stimulates endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 via nuclear factor-kappaB activation induced by intracellular oxidative stress.	2000 Mar	10712386
Involvement of lipoxygenase in lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated hydrogen peroxide release in human HaCaT keratinocytes.	2000 Mar 15	10698703
Role of antioxidant systems in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.	2000 May 1	10754530
Redox state dependency of HERGS631C channel pharmacology: relation to C-type inactivation.	2000 May 26	10828461
Profiles of antioxidant/electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) nuclear protein binding and c-Ha-ras transactivation in vascular smooth muscle cells treated with oxidative metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene.	2000 Nov 1	11008122
The super anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-xFNK constructed by disturbing intramolecular polar interactions in rat Bcl-xL.	2000 Nov 24	10970895
Role of heme oxygenase-1 in the regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase gene expression in oxidatively-challenged astroglia.	2000 Oct	10942521
Vanadate induces p53 transactivation through hydrogen peroxide and causes apoptosis.	2000 Oct 20	10922372
Roles of oxygen radical production and lipid peroxidation in the cytotoxicity of cephaloridine on cultured renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK1).	2000 Sep	11039594
Anti-apoptotic effect of quercetin: intervention in the JNK- and ERK-mediated apoptotic pathways.	2000 Sep	10972672
Mitochondrial-derived oxidants and quartz activation of chemokine gene expression.	2001	11764986
Repression of GADD153/CHOP by NF-kappaB: a possible cellular defense against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death.	2001 Apr 19	11360202
Reactive carbonyl formation by oxidative and non-oxidative pathways.	2001 Aug 1	11487471
Thioredoxin peroxidase-1 (peroxiredoxin-1) is increased in thioredoxin-1 transfected cells and results in enhanced protection against apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide but not by other agents including dexamethasone, etoposide, and doxorubicin.	2001 Aug 1	11469800
DJ-1 is an indicator for endogenous reactive oxygen species elicited by endotoxin.	2001 Dec	11811539
Transcriptional induction of MKP-1 in response to stress is associated with histone H3 phosphorylation-acetylation.	2001 Dec	11689710
Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha protein by the oxidative stressor arsenite.	2001 Dec 21	11641398
Chromium chloride inhibits oxidative stress and TNF-alpha secretion caused by exposure to high glucose in cultured U937 monocytes.	2001 Dec 7	11726202
Hyperoxia inhibits oxidant-induced apoptosis in lung epithelial cells.	2001 Jan 5	11034997
Cytokine mRNA profiles in cultured human skin component cells exposed to various chemicals: a simulation model of epicutaneous stimuli induced by skin barrier perturbation in comparison with that due to exposure to haptens or irritant.	2001 Jun	11378323
Activation of NFkappaB and MnSOD gene expression by free radical scavengers in human microvascular endothelial cells.	2001 Jun 15	11390188
Variants of peroxiredoxins expression in response to hydroperoxide stress.	2001 Mar 15	11295360
Proteasome inhibition in oxidative stress neurotoxicity: implications for heat shock proteins.	2001 May	11359866
p38 MAP kinase mediates stress-induced leukotriene synthesis in a human B-lymphocyte cell line.	2001 Nov	11698504
Phosphorylation is involved in the activation of metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 in response to metal ions.	2001 Nov 9	11551972
Induction of endothelin-1 expression by oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells.	2001 Nov-Dec	11755377
Acetaminophen induces apoptosis of C6 glioma cells by activating the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal protein kinase-related cell death pathway.	2001 Oct	11562448
High glucose stimulates angiotensinogen gene expression via reactive oxygen species generation in rat kidney proximal tubular cells.	2002 Aug	12130563
Copper uptake is required for pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate-mediated oxidation and protein level increase of p53 in cells.	2002 Aug 1	11964141
An in vitro model of Parkinson's disease: linking mitochondrial impairment to altered alpha-synuclein metabolism and oxidative damage.	2002 Aug 15	12177198
Overexpression of copper zinc superoxide dismutase suppresses human glioma cell growth.	2002 Feb 15	11861405
Menadione biphasically controls JNK-linked cell death in leukemia Jurkat T cells.	2002 Jun	12215205
Overexpression of human metallothionein-III prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human fibroblasts.	2002 Jun 19	12067712
Protein overload-induced NF-kappaB activation in proximal tubular cells requires H(2)O(2) through a PKC-dependent pathway.	2002 May	11961005
Expression of rat liver glutathione-S-transferase GSTA5 in cell lines provides increased resistance to alkylating agents and toxic aldehydes.	2002 May 20	12076520
Reactive oxygen species stimulated human hepatoma cell proliferation via cross-talk between PI3-K/PKB and JNK signaling pathways.	2002 Oct 15	12361705
Is calcineurin a peroxide-specific sensor in T-lymphocytes?	2002 Sep	12203019
Iron augments stage-I and stage-II tumor promotion in murine skin.	2002 Sep 26	12065085
Molecular inhibitory mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and kidney by cadmium.	2002 Sep 30	12204541
The antioxidant cocktail effective microorganism X (EM-X) inhibits oxidant-induced interleukin-8 release and the peroxidation of phospholipids in vitro.	2002 Sep 6	12207893

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Topical solution: 40% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide. Apply 4 times, approximately 1 minute apart, to the targeted lesion(s) during a single in-office treatment session.

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 100-500 uM) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the activity of recombinant mouse 3-MST enzyme. In mitochondria isolated from murine hepatoma cells, H2O2 (50-500 uM) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in production of H2S from 3-MP. In cultured murine hepatoma cells H2O2, (3-100 uM), did not result in overall cytotoxicity, but caused a partial decrease in basal oxygen consumption and respiratory reserve rapacity. The positive bioenergetic effect of 3-MP (100-300 nM) was completely abolished by pre-treatment of the cells with H2O2 (50 uM).

Name

Type

Language

Hydrogen peroxide

Official Name

English

HYROGEN PEROXIDE

Common Name

English

OXYDOL

Brand Name

English

NSC-19892

Code

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [FCC]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

ESKATA

Brand Name

English

OXYDOL [JAN]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTION

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [IARC]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [II]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [MART.]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

Hydrogen peroxide [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [INCI]

Common Name

English

A-101

Code

English

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE [USP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

Food Contact Sustance Notif, (FCN No.)

FCN NO. 140