U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C2H5NO2
Molecular Weight 75.0666
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of Glycine

SMILES

NCC(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5)

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Glycine (Cly) is a natural amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as a co-agonist at Glutamate [NMDA] receptors in the brain and is an activator of glycine receptors, GLRA1-3, GLRB. The abnormal Gly levels have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Alterations in Gly levels are implicated in several diseases of the central nervous system. Glycine was studied in phase II of clinical trials in patients with schizophrenia. The results have shown that using of glycine was associated with reduced symptoms with promising effect sizes and a possibility of improvement in cognitive function. Besides, glycine was also studied in clinical trials phase II in children with cystic fibrosis. The clinical, spirometric and inflammatory status of subjects with cystic fibrosis improved after just 8 weeks of glycine intake, suggesting that this amino acid might constitute a novel therapeutic tool for these patients. In addition, Gly was proposed as a biomarker for brain tumor malignancy. Glycine is a component of a nutrients mixture for peripheral administration to well-nourished mildly catabolic adult patients who require only short-term parenteral nutrition.

CNS Activity

Curator's Comment: Known to be CNS non-penetrant in rabbit. Human data not available.

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Diagnostic
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Palliative
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Palliative
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Preventing
FREAMINE III 8.5%

Approved Use

Aminosyn, Sulfite-Free, (a crystalline amino acid solution) infused with dextrose by peripheral vein infusion is indicated as a source of nitrogen in the nutritional support of patients with adequate stores of body fat, in whom, for short periods of time, oral nutrition cannot be tolerated, is undesirable, or inadequate. SUPPLEMENTAL ELECTROLYTES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRESCRIPTION OF THE ATTENDING PHYSICIAN, MUST BE ADDED TO AMINOSYN SOLUTIONS WITHOUT ELECTROLYTES. Aminosyn can be administered peripherally with dilute (5 to 10%) dextrose solution and I.V. fat emulsion as a source of nutritional support. This form of nutritional support can help to preserve protein and reduce catabolism in stress conditions where oral intake is inadequate. When administered with concentrated dextrose solutions with or without fat emulsions, Aminosyn is also indicated for central vein infusion to prevent or reverse negative nitrogen balance in patients where: (a) the alimentary tract, by the oral, gastrostomy or jejunostomy route cannot or should not be used; (b) gastrointestinal absorption of protein is impaired; (c) metabolic requirements for protein are substantially increased as with extensive burns and (d) morbidity and mortality may be reduced by replacing amino acids lost from tissue breakdown, thereby preserving tissue reserves, as in acute renal failure.

Launch Date

1971
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Sustained L-type calcium currents in dissociated deep dorsal horn neurons of the rat: characteristics and modulation.
2001
Temperature-dependent separation of a delayed-onset long-lasting enhancement mediated by coactivation of NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptors following a transient exposure of extracellular high Ca(2+).
2001
Mutant mice as a model for cerebellar ataxia.
2001 Apr
Selective cleavage of BLM, the bloom syndrome protein, during apoptotic cell death.
2001 Apr 13
Towards developing a non-SnCl2 formulation for RP444, a new radiopharmaceutical for thrombus imaging.
2001 Feb
The effect of amino acid spacers on the antigenicity of dimeric peptide--inducing cross-reacting antibodies to a cell surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans.
2001 Feb
The folate cycle and disease in humans.
2001 Feb
Functional projection distances of spinal interneurons mediating reciprocal inhibition during swimming in Xenopus tadpoles.
2001 Feb
Distribution of transcripts for the brain-specific GDP/GTP exchange factor collybistin in the developing mouse brain.
2001 Feb
Atypical neural messengers.
2001 Feb
High-dose intravenous infusion of irrigating fluids containing glycine and mannitol in the pig.
2001 Feb
Selective blockade of the mGluR1 receptor reduces traumatic neuronal injury in vitro and improvesoOutcome after brain trauma.
2001 Feb
Microdialysis in Parkinsonian patient basal ganglia: acute apomorphine-induced clinical and electrophysiological effects not paralleled by changes in the release of neuroactive amino acids.
2001 Feb
Homeodomain leucine zipper proteins bind to the phosphate response domain of the soybean VspB tripartite promoter.
2001 Feb
High-affinity zinc potentiation of inhibitory postsynaptic glycinergic currents in the zebrafish hindbrain.
2001 Feb
Differential actions of PKA and PKC in the regulation of glutamate release by group III mGluRs in the entorhinal cortex.
2001 Feb
Glycine supply to human enterocytes mediated by high-affinity basolateral GLYT1.
2001 Feb
Amino acid interconversions in the fetal-placental unit: the animal model and human studies in vivo.
2001 Feb
Antisense treatment directed against mutated Ki-ras in human colorectal adenocarcinoma.
2001 Feb
A novel syndrome affecting multiple mitochondrial functions, located by microcell-mediated transfer to chromosome 2p14-2p13.
2001 Feb
Spectral integration in the inferior colliculus: role of glycinergic inhibition in response facilitation.
2001 Feb 1
Trimethylamine oxide counteracts effects of hydrostatic pressure on proteins of deep-sea teleosts.
2001 Feb 15
Isolation of a new melanoma antigen, MART-2, containing a mutated epitope recognized by autologous tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes.
2001 Feb 15
Evidence for microvesicular storage and release of glycine in rodent pinealocytes.
2001 Feb 16
Replacement of the axial histidine ligand with imidazole in cytochrome c peroxidase. 1. Effects on structure.
2001 Feb 6
Critical role of the residue size at position 87 in H2O2- dependent substrate hydroxylation activity and H2O2 inactivation of cytochrome P450BM-3.
2001 Feb 9
A rapid procedure for isolating chromosomal DNA from Lactobacillus species and other Gram-positive bacteria.
2001 Jan
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV with a unique point mutation in COL3A1 and familial phenotype of myocardial infarction without organic coronary stenosis.
2001 Jan
New polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 gene--relationships to myocardial infarction.
2001 Jan
An HphI polymorphism in the E-selectin gene is associated with premature coronary artery disease.
2001 Jan
Generalized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: identification of a novel, homozygous glycine substitution, G2031S, in exon 73 of COL7A1 in monozygous triplets.
2001 Jan
A missense mutation encoding cys(67) --> gly in neurophysin ii is associated with early onset autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus.
2001 Jan
Determination of bile acids in biological fluids by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
2001 Jan
cAMP-dependent presynaptic regulation of spontaneous glycinergic IPSCs in mechanically dissociated rat spinal cord neurons.
2001 Jan
Postsynaptic currents in deep cerebellar nuclei.
2001 Jan
Slow dorsal-ventral rhythm generator in the lamprey spinal cord.
2001 Jan
Excitatory amino acid concentrations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: the role of child abuse.
2001 Jan
Analysis of glycoconjugate patterns of normal and hormone-induced dysplastic Noble rat prostates, and an androgen-independent Noble rat prostate tumor, by lectin histochemistry and protein blotting.
2001 Jan 1
Regulation of a mammalian Shaker-related potassium channel, hKv1.5, by extracellular potassium and pH.
2001 Jan 12
Intensity-dependent, rapid activation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors at a central synapse.
2001 Jan 15
Three pairs of cysteine residues mediate both redox and zn2+ modulation of the nmda receptor.
2001 Jan 15
Familial Tetralogy of Fallot caused by mutation in the jagged1 gene.
2001 Jan 15
Chemical rescue of phosphoryl transfer in a cavity mutant: a cautionary tale for site-directed mutagenesis.
2001 Jan 16
Virol A, a toxic trans-polyacetylenic alcohol of Cicuta virosa, selectively inhibits the GABA-induced Cl(-) current in acutely dissociated rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.
2001 Jan 19
Engineering conformational flexibility in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli: use of glycine-scanning mutagenesis to rescue mutant Glu325-->Asp.
2001 Jan 23
Genetics, an alternative way to discover, characterize and understand ion channels.
2001 Jan-Feb
Computed free energy differences between point mutations in a collagen-like peptide.
2001 Mar
Glycine reduces novelty- and methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in neonatal ventral hippocampal damaged rats.
2001 Mar
Functional coexpression of excitatory mGluR1 and mGluR5 on striatal cholinergic interneurons.
2001 Mar
(S)-3,4-DCPG, a potent and selective mGlu8a receptor agonist, activates metabotropic glutamate receptors on primary afferent terminals in the neonatal rat spinal cord.
2001 Mar
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Daily oral supplement of glycine at a dose of 0.5 g/kg divided in three doses during 8 weeks
Route of Administration: Oral
The excess of glycine inhibits the growth of many bacteria, and it is used as a nonspecific antiseptic agent due to its low level of toxicity in animals. The MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited for glycine was almost 2.5 mg/ml for 31 strains of H. pylori, including CLR-resistant strains.
Name Type Language
Glycine
EP   FCC   FHFI   GREEN BOOK   HSDB   II   INCI   INN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USP   USP-RS   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INCI   INN  
Official Name English
GLYCINE [INCI]
Common Name English
Glycine [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
GLYCINE [VANDF]
Common Name English
FEMA NO. 3287
Code English
GLYCINE [MART.]
Common Name English
GLYCINE [JAN]
Common Name English
GLYCOLIXIR
Brand Name English
GLYCINE [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
GLYCINE [HSDB]
Common Name English
GLYCINE [FHFI]
Common Name English
GLYCINE [GREEN BOOK]
Common Name English
AMINOACETIC ACID
Systematic Name English
GLYCINE [FCC]
Common Name English
GLYCINE [II]
Common Name English
SERINE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
AMINOETHANOIC ACID
Systematic Name English
GLYCINE [USP-RS]
Common Name English
GLYCINE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
GLYCOCOLL
Common Name English
NSC-25936
Code English
GLYCINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
GLYCINE [MI]
Common Name English
2-AMINOACETIC ACID
Systematic Name English
glycine [INN]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
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WHO-VATC QB05CX03
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CFR 21 CFR 172.812
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Code System Code Type Description
FDA UNII
TE7660XO1C
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:14:33 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:14:33 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB12000MIG
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PRIMARY
CHEBI
15428
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PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
GLYCINE
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PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000091968
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PRIMARY
INN
630
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PRIMARY
MESH
D005998
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PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C524
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PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
750
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PRIMARY
DAILYMED
TE7660XO1C
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:14:33 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:14:33 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
HSDB
495
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PRIMARY
NSC
25936
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PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID9020667
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PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL773
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PRIMARY
JECFA MONOGRAPH
1411
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PRIMARY
CAS
56-40-6
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PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m5796
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PRIMARY Merck Index
CHEBI
29947
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PRIMARY
CHEBI
57305
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PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00145
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PRIMARY
RXCUI
4919
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PRIMARY RxNorm
DRUG CENTRAL
1319
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PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1295800
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PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
200-272-2
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PRIMARY