Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C2H5NO2 |
Molecular Weight | 75.0667 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C(C(=O)O)N
InChI
InChIKey=DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5)
Glycine (Cly) is a natural amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as a co-agonist at Glutamate [NMDA] receptors in the brain and is an activator of glycine receptors, GLRA1-3, GLRB. The abnormal Gly levels have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Alterations in Gly levels are implicated in several diseases of the central nervous system. Glycine was studied in phase II of clinical trials in patients with schizophrenia. The results have shown that using of glycine was associated with reduced symptoms with promising effect sizes and a possibility of improvement in cognitive function. Besides, glycine was also studied in clinical trials phase II in children with cystic fibrosis. The clinical, spirometric and inflammatory status of subjects with cystic fibrosis improved after just 8 weeks of glycine intake, suggesting that this amino acid might constitute a novel therapeutic tool for these patients. In addition, Gly was proposed as a biomarker for brain tumor malignancy. Glycine is a component of a nutrients mixture for peripheral administration to well-nourished mildly catabolic adult patients who require only short-term parenteral nutrition.
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1262868
Curator's Comment:: Known to be CNS non-penetrant in rabbit. Human data not available.
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
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Target ID: CHEMBL2094124 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28828606 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL5845 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17154252 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL5871 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17154252 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL1075092 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28514141 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Diagnostic | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Preventing | FREAMINE III 8.5% Approved UseAminosyn, Sulfite-Free, (a crystalline amino acid solution) infused with dextrose by peripheral vein infusion is indicated as a source of nitrogen in the nutritional support of patients with adequate stores of body fat, in whom, for short periods of time, oral nutrition cannot be tolerated, is undesirable, or inadequate. SUPPLEMENTAL ELECTROLYTES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRESCRIPTION OF THE ATTENDING PHYSICIAN, MUST BE ADDED TO AMINOSYN SOLUTIONS WITHOUT ELECTROLYTES. Aminosyn can be administered peripherally with dilute (5 to 10%) dextrose solution and I.V. fat emulsion as a source of nutritional support. This form of nutritional support can help to preserve protein and reduce catabolism in stress conditions where oral intake is inadequate. When administered with concentrated dextrose solutions with or without fat emulsions, Aminosyn is also indicated for central vein infusion to prevent or reverse negative nitrogen balance in patients where: (a) the alimentary tract, by the oral, gastrostomy or jejunostomy route cannot or should not be used; (b) gastrointestinal absorption of protein is impaired; (c) metabolic requirements for protein are substantially increased as with extensive burns and (d) morbidity and mortality may be reduced by replacing amino acids lost from tissue breakdown, thereby preserving tissue reserves, as in acute renal failure. Launch Date5.4431998E10 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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Sustained L-type calcium currents in dissociated deep dorsal horn neurons of the rat: characteristics and modulation. | 2001 |
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Identification of genetic variants (g789C>T and G111S) in the human HSPB2 gene. | 2001 |
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Identification of the first reported splice site mutation (IVS7-1G-->A) in the aminomethyltransferase (T-protein) gene (AMT) of the glycine cleavage complex in 3 unrelated families with nonketotic hyperglycinemia. | 2001 |
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Pharmacological profiles of the metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands. | 2001 |
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Selective cleavage of BLM, the bloom syndrome protein, during apoptotic cell death. | 2001 Apr 13 |
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Functional conservation of phosphorylation-specific prolyl isomerases in plants. | 2001 Apr 27 |
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Conversion of the ion selectivity of the 5-HT(3a) receptor from cationic to anionic reveals a conserved feature of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. | 2001 Apr 6 |
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Distribution of transcripts for the brain-specific GDP/GTP exchange factor collybistin in the developing mouse brain. | 2001 Feb |
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Atypical neural messengers. | 2001 Feb |
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High-affinity zinc potentiation of inhibitory postsynaptic glycinergic currents in the zebrafish hindbrain. | 2001 Feb |
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Glycine supply to human enterocytes mediated by high-affinity basolateral GLYT1. | 2001 Feb |
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Amino acid interconversions in the fetal-placental unit: the animal model and human studies in vivo. | 2001 Feb |
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A novel syndrome affecting multiple mitochondrial functions, located by microcell-mediated transfer to chromosome 2p14-2p13. | 2001 Feb |
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Hamster sperm glycine receptor: evidence for its presence and involvement in the acrosome reaction. | 2001 Feb |
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Trimethylamine oxide counteracts effects of hydrostatic pressure on proteins of deep-sea teleosts. | 2001 Feb 15 |
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Isolation of a new melanoma antigen, MART-2, containing a mutated epitope recognized by autologous tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. | 2001 Feb 15 |
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Evidence for microvesicular storage and release of glycine in rodent pinealocytes. | 2001 Feb 16 |
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Ligand-independent dimerization and activation of the oncogenic Xmrk receptor by two mutations in the extracellular domain. | 2001 Feb 2 |
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Amino acid residues outside of the pore region contribute to N-type calcium channel permeation. | 2001 Feb 23 |
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Replacement of the axial histidine ligand with imidazole in cytochrome c peroxidase. 1. Effects on structure. | 2001 Feb 6 |
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An HphI polymorphism in the E-selectin gene is associated with premature coronary artery disease. | 2001 Jan |
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Generalized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: identification of a novel, homozygous glycine substitution, G2031S, in exon 73 of COL7A1 in monozygous triplets. | 2001 Jan |
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Determination of bile acids in biological fluids by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. | 2001 Jan |
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cAMP-dependent presynaptic regulation of spontaneous glycinergic IPSCs in mechanically dissociated rat spinal cord neurons. | 2001 Jan |
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Slow dorsal-ventral rhythm generator in the lamprey spinal cord. | 2001 Jan |
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Excitatory amino acid concentrations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: the role of child abuse. | 2001 Jan |
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Microdialysis study of amino acid neurotransmitters in the spinal dorsal horn of patients undergoing microsurgical dorsal root entry zone lesioning. Technical note. | 2001 Jan |
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N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors mediating hippocampal noradrenaline and striatal dopamine release display differential sensitivity to quinolinic acid, the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120, external pH and protein kinase C inhibition. | 2001 Jan |
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Disorders of membrane channels or channelopathies. | 2001 Jan |
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Use of trifluoroperazine isolates a [(3)H]Ifenprodil binding site in rat brain membranes with the pharmacology of the voltage-independent ifenprodil site on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors containing NR2B subunits. | 2001 Jan |
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Ethanol potentiation of glycine-induced responses in dissociated neurons of rat ventral tegmental area. | 2001 Jan |
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Plasma levels of progastrin but not amidated gastrin or glycine extended gastrin are elevated in patients with colorectal carcinoma. | 2001 Jan |
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In vitro studies of a prolactin antagonist, hPRL-G129R in human breast cancer cells. | 2001 Jan |
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A high resolution (1)H magic angle spinning NMR study of a high-M(r) subunit of wheat glutenin. | 2001 Jan |
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Selective activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors upregulates preprodynorphin, substance P, and preproenkephalin mRNA expression in rat dorsal striatum. | 2001 Jan |
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Analysis of glycoconjugate patterns of normal and hormone-induced dysplastic Noble rat prostates, and an androgen-independent Noble rat prostate tumor, by lectin histochemistry and protein blotting. | 2001 Jan 1 |
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Regulation of a mammalian Shaker-related potassium channel, hKv1.5, by extracellular potassium and pH. | 2001 Jan 12 |
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Mechanism of action of a novel latent membrane protein-1 dominant negative. | 2001 Jan 12 |
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Intensity-dependent, rapid activation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors at a central synapse. | 2001 Jan 15 |
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Three pairs of cysteine residues mediate both redox and zn2+ modulation of the nmda receptor. | 2001 Jan 15 |
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Familial Tetralogy of Fallot caused by mutation in the jagged1 gene. | 2001 Jan 15 |
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Intracellular folding pathway of the cystine knot-containing glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit. | 2001 Jan 16 |
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Chemical rescue of phosphoryl transfer in a cavity mutant: a cautionary tale for site-directed mutagenesis. | 2001 Jan 16 |
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Ultrastructural evidence for direct projections from the pontine micturition center to glycine-immunoreactive neurons in the sacral dorsal gray commissure in the cat. | 2001 Jan 22 |
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Engineering conformational flexibility in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli: use of glycine-scanning mutagenesis to rescue mutant Glu325-->Asp. | 2001 Jan 23 |
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Effect of extracellular long-time microperfusion of high concentrations of glutamate and glycine on picrotoxin seizure thresholds in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. | 2001 Jan 5 |
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Differential roles of two conserved glycine residues in the fusion peptide of Semliki Forest virus. | 2001 Jan 5 |
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Functional reconstitution and characterization of recombinant human alpha 1-glycine receptors. | 2001 Jun 15 |
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Glycine reduces novelty- and methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in neonatal ventral hippocampal damaged rats. | 2001 Mar |
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(S)-3,4-DCPG, a potent and selective mGlu8a receptor agonist, activates metabotropic glutamate receptors on primary afferent terminals in the neonatal rat spinal cord. | 2001 Mar |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29246256
Daily oral supplement of glycine at a dose of 0.5 g/kg divided in three doses during 8 weeks
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15388434
The excess of glycine inhibits the growth of many bacteria, and it is used as a nonspecific antiseptic agent due to its low level of toxicity in animals. The MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited for glycine was almost 2.5 mg/ml for 31 strains of H. pylori, including CLR-resistant strains.
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25922-6
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21 CFR 520.1060
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GLYCINE
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13750-5
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21 CFR 172.320
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47635-8
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56681-0
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B05CX03
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21 CFR 170.50
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25921-8
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21 CFR 310.532
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21 CFR 582.5049
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47633-3
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21 CFR 331.11
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22709-0
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15143-1
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22718-1
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21 CFR 331.15
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QB05CX03
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21 CFR 172.812
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M5796
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DB00145
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1295800
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