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Restrict the search for
vitamin a
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Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 340.10 stimulant caffeine
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Citrated Caffeine U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Caffeine is a methylxanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia that is structurally related to adenosine and acts primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist with psychotropic and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon ingestion, caffeine binds to adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), which inhibits adenosine binding. This inhibits the adenosine-mediated downregulation of CNS activity; thus, stimulating the activity of the medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers in the brain. The anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine are due the nonselective competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterases.
Caffeine is used by mouth or rectally in combination with painkillers (such as aspirin and acetaminophen) and a chemical called ergotamine for treating migraineheadaches. It is also used with painkillers for simple headaches and preventing and treating headaches after epidural anesthesia. Caffeine creams are applied to the skin to reduce redness and itching in dermatitis. Healthcare providers sometimes give caffeine intravenously (by IV) for headache after epidural anesthesia, breathing problems in newborns, and to increase urine flow. In foods, caffeine is used as an ingredient in soft drinks, energy drinks, and other beverages.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 346.18(a) anorectal:astringent calamine
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Solution of Ferric Subsulphate U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Ferric Ammonium EDTA Solution is normally used as a photographic chemical for a bleaching agent in the process of colour washing. It is also used as a complexing, and oxidizing agent & as a fertilizer and catalyst. EDTA acid are colourless, water-soluble solid that are widely used to dissolve scale. The usefulness of these ammonium salts arise because of its role as a chelating agent, i.e. its ability to "sequester" metal ions such as Ca2+ and Fe3+.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 331.11(e) antacid:citrate-containing citrate (containing active ingredients: citrate ion, as citric acid or salt)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Potassium citrate is indicated for the management of renal tubular acidosis with calcium stones, hypocitraturic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis of any etiology, uric acid lithiasis with or without calcium stones. WhenPotassium citrate is given orally, the metabolism of absorbed citrate produces an alkaline load. The induced alkaline load in turn increases urinary pH and raises urinary citrate by augmenting citrate clearance without measurably altering ultrafilterable serum citrate. Thus, potassium citrate therapy appears to increase urinary citrate principally by modifying the renal handling of citrate, rather than by increasing the filtered load of citrate. Potassium citrate is used as a food additive (E 332) to regulate acidity.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 341.14(a)(2)(ii) cough/cold:antitussive codeine phosphate
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Codeine Sulphate U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Codeine is an opiate used to manage mild to moderate pain severe enough to require an opioid. Codeine is a selective agonist for the mu opioid receptor and has an affinity to delta and kappa-opioid receptors. In some countries, this drug is regulated under various narcotic control laws, because its chronic use can cause physical dependence. In others, it is available without a medical prescription in combination with paracetamol.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 349.12(d)(1) ophthalmic:demulcents glycerin
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Glycerin (glycerol) is 3-carbon alcohol naturally occurring in the human body. It is the structural backbone triacylglycerol molecules, and can also be converted to a glycolytic substrate for subsequent metabolism. Glycerin is a colorless, odorless, viscous, sweet-tasting liquid. The FDA classifies glycerol as "generally recognized as safe". Glycerin is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a sweetener in syrups, lozenges, and as an excipient in eyewash solutions. As an individual prescription product, glycerin has uses as a hyperosmotic, osmotic diuretic, and ophthalmic agent. It may be used as an eye drop in the treatment of glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure, as a solution or suppository for short-term treatment of constipation, to evacuate the bowel prior to a colonoscopy, and in some ocular surgeries. It may be given intravenously to reduce pressure inside the brain and used externally on the skin as a moisturizer. Glycerin has many other uses in the agricultural, food and pharmaceutical industry.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 344.12 otic:ear drying aid isopropyl alcohol
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Isopropanolamine (1-Amino-2-propanol) is a colorless to yellowish liquid with an amine-like odor. It is miscible in water. Intermediate used in the production of dyes, lubrification oils, corrosion inhibitor, detergents, cutting fluids.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 331.11(k)(1) antacid:sodium-containing sodium bicarbonate
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Potassium Bicarbonate U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Diammonium carbonate is a salt with the chemical formula (NH4)2CO3. Since it readily degrades to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating, it is used as a leavening agent and also as smelling salt. Ammonium carbonate may be used as a leavening agent in traditional recipes, particularly those from northern Europe and Scandinavia (e.g. Speculoos, Tunnbröd or Lebkuchen). It also serves as an acidity regulator and has the E number E503. Ammonium carbonate is the main component of smelling salts, although the commercial scale of their production is small. Buckley's cough syrup from Canada today uses ammonium carbonate as an active ingredient intended to help relieve symptoms of bronchitis. Ammonium carbonate is also used as an emetic.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 349.16 ophthalmic:hypertonic agent sodium chloride
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Sodium Chloride U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 344.1 otic:earwax removal aid carbamide peroxide 6.5% (in anhydrous glycerin)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Hydrogen peroxide has been used in medicine for more than 100 years. It is known in surgery as a highly useful irrigation solution by virtue of both its hemostatic and its antimicrobial effects. Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation (e.g., due to canker/cold sores, gingivitis). This product works by releasing oxygen when it is applied to the affected area. The release of oxygen causes foaming, which helps to remove dead skin and clean the area. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 335.10(b) antidiarrheal kaolin
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Kaolin is a hydrated aluminum silicate mineral. It occurs naturally as a clay that is prepared for pharmaceutical purposes by washing with water to remove sand and other impurities. Kaolin has traditionally been used internally to control diarrhea. Kaolin has also been used topically as an emollient and drying agent. Specifically, it has been used to dry oozing and weeping poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac lesions. It has also been used as a protectant for the temporary relief of anorectal itching and diaper rash. Kaolin is used in medicine as an activator of intrinsic pathway of coagulation in an aPPT test.
