U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS
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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C3H8O3
Molecular Weight 92.0938
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of Glycerin

SMILES

OCC(O)CO

InChI

InChIKey=PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C3H8O3
Molecular Weight 92.0938
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Glycerin (glycerol) is 3-carbon alcohol naturally occurring in the human body. It is the structural backbone triacylglycerol molecules, and can also be converted to a glycolytic substrate for subsequent metabolism. Glycerin is a colorless, odorless, viscous, sweet-tasting liquid. The FDA classifies glycerol as "generally recognized as safe". Glycerin is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a sweetener in syrups, lozenges, and as an excipient in eyewash solutions. As an individual prescription product, glycerin has uses as a hyperosmotic, osmotic diuretic, and ophthalmic agent. It may be used as an eye drop in the treatment of glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure, as a solution or suppository for short-term treatment of constipation, to evacuate the bowel prior to a colonoscopy, and in some ocular surgeries. It may be given intravenously to reduce pressure inside the brain and used externally on the skin as a moisturizer. Glycerin has many other uses in the agricultural, food and pharmaceutical industry.

Approval Year

Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Palliative
DERM-APPLY

Approved Use

Restore moisture balance in dry skin or hair.

Launch Date

1988
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1770 mg/L
1.2 g/kg single, oral
dose: 1.2 g/kg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GLYCERIN serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
39.3 min
120 mmol/m² single, intravenous
dose: 120 mmol/m²
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GLYCERIN serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
0.895 h
1.2 g/kg single, oral
dose: 1.2 g/kg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
GLYCERIN serum
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
310 g single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 310 g
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 310 g
Sources:
unhealthy, 72 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 72 years
Sex: M
Sources:
Other AEs: Agitation, Groaning...
Other AEs:
Agitation (1 patient)
Groaning (1 patient)
Speech loss (1 patient)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Agitation 1 patient
310 g single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 310 g
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 310 g
Sources:
unhealthy, 72 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 72 years
Sex: M
Sources:
Groaning 1 patient
310 g single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 310 g
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 310 g
Sources:
unhealthy, 72 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 72 years
Sex: M
Sources:
Speech loss 1 patient
310 g single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 310 g
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 310 g
Sources:
unhealthy, 72 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 72 years
Sex: M
Sources:
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer

Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
yes
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Inhibition of carcinogen induced c-Ha-ras and c-fos proto-oncogenes expression by dietary curcumin.
2001
Induced cytoskeletal changes in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells by resveratrol and the accompanying modified responses to arterial shear stress.
2001
Strategy for preventing peritoneal dialysis failure.
2001
Reversible vacuolation of T-tubules in skeletal muscle: mechanisms and implications for cell biology.
2001
A comparison of F-actin labeling methods for light microscopy in different plant specimens: multiple techniques supplement each other.
2001 Aug
Isolation and characterization of mitochondrial F(1)-ATPase from crayfish (Orconectes virilis) gills.
2001 Feb
How water molecules pass through aquaporins.
2001 Feb
Chronic ingestion of ethanol stimulates lipogenic response in rat hepatocytes.
2001 Feb 2
The yeast glycerol 3-phosphatases Gpp1p and Gpp2p are required for glycerol biosynthesis and differentially involved in the cellular responses to osmotic, anaerobic, and oxidative stress.
2001 Feb 2
Distinct long-term regulation of glycerol and non-esterified fatty acid release by insulin and TNF-alpha in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
2001 Jan
Lipid-dependent control of hepatic glycogen stores in healthy humans.
2001 Jan
Inhibition of a model protease--pyroglutamate aminopeptidase by a natural oligosaccharide gum from Hakea gibbosa.
2001 Jan 16
Aquaporin 3, a glycerol and water transporter, is regulated by p73 of the p53 family.
2001 Jan 26
Rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa under denitrification: effects of limiting nutrients and carbon substrates.
2001 Jan 5
A rational approach to improving productivity in recombinant Pichia pastoris fermentation.
2001 Jan 5
Erythrocyte water permeability and renal function in double knockout mice lacking aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-3.
2001 Jan 5
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
Record UNII
PDC6A3C0OX
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
Glycerin
FCC   HSDB   II   INCI   ORANGE BOOK   USP   USP-RS   VANDF  
INCI  
Official Name English
Glycerol
EP   FHFI   INN   MART.   MI   WHO-DD   WHO-IP  
INN  
Preferred Name English
PZN 7474853
Code English
GLYCERIN,ANHYDROUS
VANDF  
Common Name English
glycerol [INN]
Common Name English
GLYCERIN [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
GLYCERIN [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL
Systematic Name English
GLYCERIN [II]
Common Name English
GLYCERINUM
HPUS  
Common Name English
2-PROPANOL, 1,3-DIHYDROXY-
Systematic Name English
E-422
Code English
1,2,3-TRIHYDROXYPROPANE
Systematic Name English
GLYCERINE
Systematic Name English
GLYCEROLUM [WHO-IP LATIN]
Common Name English
TRYHYDROXYPROPANE
Common Name English
GLYCERIN,ANHYDROUS [VANDF]
Common Name English
GLYCEROL [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
INS-422
Code English
GLYCERIN [USP-RS]
Common Name English
NSC-9230
Code English
GLYCERIN [JAN]
Common Name English
GLYCEROL [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
MONOCTANOIN COMPONENT D
Common Name English
Glycerol 85% [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
GLYCERIN [HSDB]
Common Name English
GLYCEROL [FHFI]
Common Name English
M 314429
Code English
Glycerol [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
GLYCERINUM [HPUS]
Common Name English
FEMA NO. 2525
Code English
GLYCEROL [WHO-IP]
Common Name English
GLYCEROL [MART.]
Common Name English
INS NO.422
Code English
GLYCEROL [MI]
Common Name English
GLYCERIN [VANDF]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
LOINC 54283-7
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 28188
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
JECFA EVALUATION GLYCEROL
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
JECFA EVALUATION INS-422
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS (GSFA) INS-422
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
LOINC 45300-1
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QA16QA03
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
LOINC 54285-2
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
LOINC 2388-7
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
LOINC 2387-9
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
DSLD 1110 (Number of products:309)
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC A06AG04
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
CFR 21 CFR 349.12
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC A06AX01
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
LOINC 54284-5
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
NCI_THESAURUS C29697
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QA06AG04
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000185370
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
EPA PESTICIDE CODE 63507
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
WHO-VATC QA06AX01
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
CFR 21 CFR 347.10
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
LOINC 47632-5
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
EPA CompTox
DTXSID9020663
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB09462
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NDF-RT
N0000006566
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Glycerol [Chemical/Ingredient]
WIKIPEDIA
GLYCEROL
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB07948MIG
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB13992MIG
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NDF-RT
N0000171131
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Allergens [Chemical/Ingredient]
PUBCHEM
753
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
WHO INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPEIA
GLYCERIN
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Description: A clear, colourless or almost colourless, syrupy liquid; odourless. Miscibility: Miscible with water and ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; slightly miscible with acetone R; practically immiscible with ether R. Category: Solvent; humectant.Storage: Glycerol should be kept in a tightly closed container. Additional information: Glycerol is hygroscopic. Requirement: Glycerol contains not less than 95.0% and not more than the equivalent of 101.0% of C3H8O3, calculated with reference to theanhydrous substance.
FDA UNII
PDC6A3C0OX
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CAS
56-81-5
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL692
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C29077
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NDF-RT
N0000184306
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Cell-mediated Immunity [PE]
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
200-289-5
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
PDC6A3C0OX
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
1316
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m5790
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Merck Index
INN
444
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NDF-RT
N0000175629
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Increased Histamine Release [PE]
RS_ITEM_NUM
1295607
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NSC
9230
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
4910
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY RxNorm
MESH
D005990
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NDF-RT
N0000185001
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Increased IgG Production [PE]
HSDB
492
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CHEBI
17754
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000092821
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:35:08 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT
Glycerol (mg/cigarette) Canadian = 13.2 SD(1.3) Imported = 13.5 SD(0.0)
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
Related Record Type Details
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (GC)
USP
IMPURITY -> PARENT
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (GC)
USP
PARENT -> IMPURITY
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (GC)
USP
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY