Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C8H10N4O2 |
Molecular Weight | 194.1906 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)N2C
InChI
InChIKey=RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3
DescriptionSources: https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C328Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-979-caffeine.aspx?activeingredientid=979
Sources: https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C328
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-979-caffeine.aspx?activeingredientid=979
Caffeine is a methylxanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia that is structurally related to adenosine and acts primarily as an adenosine receptor antagonist with psychotropic and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon ingestion, caffeine binds to adenosine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), which inhibits adenosine binding. This inhibits the adenosine-mediated downregulation of CNS activity; thus, stimulating the activity of the medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers in the brain. The anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine are due the nonselective competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterases.
Caffeine is used by mouth or rectally in combination with painkillers (such as aspirin and acetaminophen) and a chemical called ergotamine for treating migraineheadaches. It is also used with painkillers for simple headaches and preventing and treating headaches after epidural anesthesia. Caffeine creams are applied to the skin to reduce redness and itching in dermatitis. Healthcare providers sometimes give caffeine intravenously (by IV) for headache after epidural anesthesia, breathing problems in newborns, and to increase urine flow. In foods, caffeine is used as an ingredient in soft drinks, energy drinks, and other beverages.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL251 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24164628 |
23.4 µM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL255 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24164628 |
20.5 µM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL226 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24164628 |
44.9 µM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2111322 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2374150 |
70.0 µM [IC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/cafergot.html |
Primary | CAFERGOT Approved UseErgotamine is an alpha adrenergic blocking agent with a direct stimulating effect on the smooth muscle of peripheral and cranial blood vessels and produces depression of central vasomotor centers. The compound also has the properties of serotonin antagonism. In comparison to hydrogenated ergotamine, the adrenergic blocking actions are less pronounced and vasoconstrictive actions are greater. Caffeine, also a cranial vasoconstrictor, is added to further enhance the vasoconstrictive effect without the necessity of increasing ergotamine dosage. Launch Date-6.6579838E11 |
||
Primary | CAFCIT Approved UseCaffeine Citrate injection USP is indicated for the short-term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants between 28 and <33 weeks gestational age. Launch Date9.3778562E11 |
|||
Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.35 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28561231 |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CAFFEINE unknown | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
65.64 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28561231 |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CAFFEINE unknown | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
43000 nM*h Clinical Trial https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01361217 |
100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: oral experiment type: single co-administered: |
CAFFEINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: healthy age: adults sex: food status: |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
10.19 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28561231 |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CAFFEINE unknown | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
12.4 g single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 14 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 14 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Nausea, Vomiting... |
50 g single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 27 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 27 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Tachycardia, Seizure... Other AEs: Tachycardia (1 patient) Sources: Seizure (1 patient) |
5000 mg single, oral (total) Overdose |
healthy, 32 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 32 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Malaise, Anxiety... Other AEs: Malaise (1 patient) Sources: Anxiety (1 patient) Dizziness (1 patient) Nausea (1 patient) |
4000 mg single, oral Overdose |
pregnant, 33 years n = 1 Health Status: pregnant Age Group: 33 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Nausea, Vomiting... |
1.6 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 44 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 44 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Atrial fibrillation... |
800 mg multiple, oral (total) Highest studied dose |
healthy, adult n = 12 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 12 Sources: |
|
24 g single, oral Overdose |
unknown, adult n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Rhabdomyolysis, Acute renal failure... Other AEs: Rhabdomyolysis (1 patient) Sources: Acute renal failure (1 patient) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Nausea | 1 patient | 12.4 g single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 14 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 14 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Vomiting | 1 patient | 12.4 g single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 14 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 14 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Seizure | 1 patient | 50 g single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 27 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 27 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Tachycardia | 1 patient | 50 g single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 27 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 27 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Anxiety | 1 patient | 5000 mg single, oral (total) Overdose |
healthy, 32 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 32 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Dizziness | 1 patient | 5000 mg single, oral (total) Overdose |
healthy, 32 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 32 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Malaise | 1 patient | 5000 mg single, oral (total) Overdose |
healthy, 32 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 32 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Nausea | 1 patient | 5000 mg single, oral (total) Overdose |
healthy, 32 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 32 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Nausea | 1 patient | 4000 mg single, oral Overdose |
pregnant, 33 years n = 1 Health Status: pregnant Age Group: 33 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Vomiting | 1 patient | 4000 mg single, oral Overdose |
pregnant, 33 years n = 1 Health Status: pregnant Age Group: 33 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Atrial fibrillation | 1 patient | 1.6 g single, oral Overdose |
healthy, 44 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 44 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Acute renal failure | 1 patient | 24 g single, oral Overdose |
unknown, adult n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Rhabdomyolysis | 1 patient | 24 g single, oral Overdose |
unknown, adult n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: adult Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
no | weak (co-administration study) Comment: When caffeine was coadministered the Cmax of melatonin was increased on average by 137% and AUC by 120% |
|||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8723732/ |
yes | |||
yes |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 7.0 |
major | likely (co-administration study) Comment: lower doses of caffeine may be needed following coadministration of drugs which are reported to decrease caffeine elimination (e.g., cimetidine and ketoconazole) and higher caffeine doses may be needed following coadministration of drugs that increase caffeine elimination (e.g., phenobarbital and phenytoin) Page: 7.0 |
||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8204093/ Page: 9.0 |
yes | |||
yes |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Epileptogenic action of caffeine during anoxia in the neonatal rat hippocampus. | 1999 Jul |
|
Preparation and primary evaluation of [11C]CSC as a possible tracer for mapping adenosine A2A receptors by PET. | 1999 May |
|
Caffeine withdrawal increases cerebral blood flow velocity and alters quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) activity. | 2000 Jan |
|
Regulation of in vitro penetration of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa by caffeine and adenosine. | 2001 Apr |
|
Excitation-contraction coupling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle involves tyrosine kinase and Rho kinase. | 2001 Apr |
|
An apoplastic Ca2+ sensor regulates internal Ca2+ release in aequorin-transformed tobacco cells. | 2001 Apr 6 |
|
Protection against cellular damage in the rat heart by iodoacetate. | 2001 Feb |
|
Intravenous nicotine and caffeine: subjective and physiological effects in cocaine abusers. | 2001 Feb |
|
Evidence for glutamate receptor mediated transmission at mechanoreceptors in the skin. | 2001 Feb 12 |
|
The role of the D(2) dopamine receptor (D(2)R) in A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)R)-mediated behavioral and cellular responses as revealed by A(2A) and D(2) receptor knockout mice. | 2001 Feb 13 |
|
Clinical correlations in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit with varying severity of gastroesophageal reflux. | 2001 Jan |
|
Characterization of an intense bitter-tasting 1H,4H-quinolizinium-7-olate by application of the taste dilution analysis, a novel bioassay for the screening and identification of taste-active compounds in foods. | 2001 Jan |
|
[Ca(2+)](i) signaling in renal arterial smooth muscle cells of pregnant rat is enhanced during inhibition of NOS. | 2001 Jan |
|
The nuclear death domain protein p84N5 activates a G2/M cell cycle checkpoint prior to the onset of apoptosis. | 2001 Jan 12 |
|
Ras reduces L-type calcium channel current in cardiac myocytes. Corrective effects of L-channels and SERCA2 on [Ca(2+)](i) regulation and cell morphology. | 2001 Jan 19 |
|
Fanconi anemia lymphocytes: effect of DL-alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) on chromatid breaks and on G2 repair efficiency. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
Regulation of slow wave frequency by IP(3)-sensitive calcium release in the murine small intestine. | 2001 Mar |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Caffeine is used by mouth in combination with painkillers (such as aspirin and acetaminophen) for treating headaches. Maximum oral dose of excedrin is 2 tablets a day (each tablet of excedrin contains 65 mg of caffeine). Caffeine creams are applied to the skin to reduce redness and itching in dermatitis. Healthcare providers sometimes give caffeine intravenously (by IV) for headache after epidural anesthesia, breathing problems in newborns, and to increase urine flow. In foods, caffeine is used as an ingredient in soft drinks, energy drinks, and other beverages.
Route of Administration:
Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6309393
Binding of caffeine to adrenergic receptors was measured using [3H]N6-Cyclohexyladenosine as a radioligand. Nonspecificbinding was less than 10% of total binding as defined with 10 uM 2-chloroadenosine. Membranes were incubated with 10-6 - 10-3 M caffeine.
Name | Type | Language | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Official Name | English | ||
|
Code | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Brand Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Code | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English |
Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
WHO-VATC |
QV04CG30
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
NDF-RT |
N0000175729
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
CFR |
21 CFR 340.10
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
NDF-RT |
N0000175790
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
WHO-VATC |
QN06BC01
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
NCI_THESAURUS |
C54060
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
NCI_THESAURUS |
C47795
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
NDF-RT |
N0000175739
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
IARC | Caffeine | ||
|
NDF-RT |
N0000008118
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
NDF-RT |
N0000008118
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
DSLD |
367 (Number of products:3156)
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
367512
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
EPA PESTICIDE CODE |
660
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
WHO-ATC |
V04CG30
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
31288
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
WHO-ATC |
N06BC01
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LIVERTOX |
NBK559835
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
||
|
CFR |
21 CFR 340.50
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Caffeine
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
D002110
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
1886
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
|
3G6A5W338E
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
407
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
CAFFEINE
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | Description: Silky, colourless crystals or a white, crystalline powder; odourless. Solubility: Soluble in 60 parts of water and in 100 parts of ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; slightly soluble in ether R. Category: Central nervous stimulant. Storage: Caffeine should be kept in a well-closed container. Labelling: The designation on the container of Caffeine should state whether the substance is the monohydrate or is in the anhydrous form. Additional information: Caffeine monohydrate is efflorescent in air. Definition: Caffeine contains not less than 98.5% and not more than 101.0% of C8H10N4O2, calculated with reference to the dried substance. | ||
|
463
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
1086006
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
ALTERNATIVE | |||
|
DB00201
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
CHEMBL113
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
35
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
2519
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
CAFFEINE
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
1085003
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
C328
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DTXSID0020232
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
27732
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
SUB26077
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
200-362-1
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
5036
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
347
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
SUB13146MIG
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
58-08-2
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
m2909
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
|
3G6A5W338E
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
100000089693
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:20:53 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY |
ACTIVE MOIETY
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE ACTIVE (PARENT)
METABOLITE ACTIVE (PARENT)
PARENT (METABOLITE ACTIVE)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)