The selenite anion is a selenium oxoanion with the chemical formula SeO2−3. A selenite (Se) is a compound that contains this ion. Sodium selenite is an inorganic form of the trace element selenium with potential antineoplastic activity. It was documented that Se deficiency observed in some countries and/or geographic regions (e.g. Keshan region in China), is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality of neoplastic diseases. To correct this problem a number of organic and inorganic selenium compounds were developed and tested. However, it is now firmly established that only an inorganic sodium selenite with four-valent Se, and not that with six-valent (selenate) cation shows anticancer activity. Selenite can undergo redox reaction, for example with protein's sulfhydryl groups expressed on the surface of tumor cells. In this way selenite prevents non-enzymatic formation of parafibrin that coats tumors cells and hence presents them as 'self' to the innate cellular immune system. Consequently, macrophages of the lymphatic system do not recognize neoplastic cells as 'foreign' bodies and spare them from the immune destruction. Sodium selenite also showed promise as a cost-effective, nontoxic anti-inflammatory agent. Treatment with sodium selenite lowers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, causes a spontaneous reduction in lymphedema volume, increases the efficacy of physical therapy for lymphedema, and reduces the incidence of erysipelas infections in patients with chronic lymphedema. Limited evidence has been presented though that intakes of selenium greater than the amount needed to allow full expression of selenoproteins may have chemopreventive effects against cancer. Controlled intervention studies are needed to fully evaluate selenium as a cancer chemopreventive agent. The US Food and Drug Administration approved a selenium supplement to animal diets; the most common form is sodium selenite for pet foods.

Potassium is needed to maintain good health. When potassium level falls below 3.5 mmol/L, Hypokalemia is diagnosed. In case of extremely low level of potassium (lower than 2.5 mmol/L) the following symptoms are appeared: malaise and fatigue. This low level of potassium can lead to severe muscle weakness and paralysis; respiratory failure; intermittent muscle spasms. It is known, foods that are good sources of potassium and low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. Potassium supplementation is also recommended as an adjuvant antihypertensive agent for patients with essential hypertension.

Sodium sulfate anhydrous is an electrolyte replenisher and is used in isosmotic solutions so that administration does not disturb normal electrolyte balance and does not lead to absorption or excretion of water and ions. It is indicated for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy or barium enema X-ray examination. Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution is indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults.

Potassium is needed to maintain good health. When potassium level falls below 3.5 mmol/L, Hypokalemia is diagnosed. In case of extremely low level of potassium (lower than 2.5 mmol/L) the following symptoms are appeared: malaise and fatigue. This low level of potassium can lead to severe muscle weakness and paralysis; respiratory failure; intermittent muscle spasms. It is known, foods that are good sources of potassium and low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. Potassium supplementation is also recommended as an adjuvant antihypertensive agent for patients with essential hypertension.

Monofluorophosphate (MFP) is an anion, which is a phosphate group with one oxygen atom substituted with a fluorine atom. Sodium Monofluorophosphate is intended to be used by both petitioners in food supplements as a source of fluoride in the forms of multi-vitamin, multi-mineral supplements, solid tablets or tablets dispersible in liquid. The toxic effects of Monofluorophosphate are attributable to the fluoride ion released by the in vivo hydrolysis of the parent compound. The Monofluorophosphate ion appears to play no role. The acute toxicity of Monofluorophosphate is somewhat less than that of NaF, due to the lesser availability of fluoride in the short term from Monofluorophosphate. In the long term, Monofluorophosphate produces virtually the same picture of renal effects and skeletal storage of fluoride as does NaF. Sodium Monofluorophosphate dissociates into sodium and Monofluorophosphate ions in the intestinal tract, the latter being absorbed mainly in the upper small intestine.

Oleylamine (or oleamine) is a versatile and flexible reagent in synthesis as well as the desired surface ligand for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This compound is rather toxic to mammalian organism.

Struvite, a crystalline substance first identified in the 18th century, is composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate. Struvite urinary stones are also known as ‘infection stones’, and account for 15%-20% of all urinary stones. Bacterial urease, usually from a Proteus species, is responsible for the chemical changes in urine which result in struvite formation.

Anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid. It is used as a diluent in pharmaceutical industry, in some toothpastes as a polishing agent. Calcium phosphate is generally recognized as safe by FDA. Dibasic calcium phosphate is ised as a supplement to treat conditions associated with calcium deficit, such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany)

Anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid. It is used as a diluent in pharmaceutical industry, in some toothpastes as a polishing agent. Calcium phosphate is generally recognized as safe by FDA. Dibasic calcium phosphate is ised as a supplement to treat conditions associated with calcium deficit, such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany)