Puromycin dihydrochloride belongs to the aminonucleoside family of antibiotics and is isolated from Streptomyces alboniger. Since the partial structure of this antibiotic showed it to be a purine derivative, puromycin was assigned as its generic name. Puromycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic and antibacterial agent. It is active against Gram-positive microorganisms, less active against acid-fast bacilli, and weakly active against Gram-negative microorganisms. It acts very quickly and can kill 99% of the cells within 2 days. It also exhibits antitumor activity in studies on brain tumor cells. Puromycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that causes premature chain termination by acting as an analog of the 3’-terminal end of aminoacyl-tRNA. It has been used to study transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control the sequential and coordinate expression of genes during cell differentiation.

SDZ-WAG-994 is a potent and selective A1 receptor agonist, discovered by Sandoz. SDZ-WAG-994 was able to induce a dose-related and sustained fall in blood pressure and heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The compound was investigated in patients with heart failure symptoms and moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction, where it produced no effect. In patients with patients with permanent atrial fibrillation, SDZ-WAG-994 was able to limit the increase in mean heart rate during exercise. The compound was also tested for treatment of postoperative dental pain, but for all efficacy measures, SDZ-WAG-994 was not significantly different from placebo.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a nucleotide, consisting of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP is an activator of several enzymes in the tissues. In the glycolytic pathway, the enzyme phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP but the inhibition is reversed by AMP, the deciding factor for the reaction being the ratio between ATP and AMP. In medicine, AMP is used mainly as an alternative to adenosine for treatment of ischemia and as a tool compound to measure hyperresponsiveness of airways.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a nucleotide, consisting of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP is an activator of several enzymes in the tissues. In the glycolytic pathway, the enzyme phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP but the inhibition is reversed by AMP, the deciding factor for the reaction being the ratio between ATP and AMP. In medicine, AMP is used mainly as an alternative to adenosine for treatment of ischemia and as a tool compound to measure hyperresponsiveness of airways.