Carnosine is a dipeptide composed of the amino acids beta-histidine and l-alanine. It is widely present in muscle and brain tissues. It possesses strong and specific antioxidant properties, protects against radiation damage, and promotes wound healing. The antioxidant mechanism of carnosine is attributed to its chelating effect against metal ions, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, ROS and free radicals scavenging ability. In addition, was shown, that carnosine significantly protects against TCA-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats, through its antioxidant, antinutritive, and anti-inflammatory effects, and induction of apoptosis. It also may be a therapeutic agent against Parkinson's disease. Experiments on animal have shown the sepsis healing therapeutic potential of carnosine.

Trenbolone is an anabolic steroid. It is used on livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite. Trenbolone compounds have a binding affinity for the androgen receptor three times as high as that of testosterone. Once metabolized, the drugs have the effect of increasing nitrogen uptake by muscles, leading to an increase in the rate of protein synthesis. It also has the secondary effects of stimulating appetite, reducing the amount of fat being deposited in the body, and decreasing the rate of catabolism. Short-term side effects include insomnia, high blood pressure, increased aggression, night sweats, and libido.

Adinazolam, a benzodiazepine agonist, is an effective anxiolytic agent with antidepressant properties. It was shown, that adinazolam by itself had relatively weak benzodiazepine agonist activity, and much of the pharmacological activity belonged to its active metabolite N-desmethyladinazolam (NDMAD). Adinazolam has never been FDA approved, but it is sold as a research chemical.

Afloqualone (AFQ) is one of the centrally acting muscle relaxants. It is a quinazolinone family GABAergic drug and is an analogue of methaqualone developed in the 1970s by a team at Tanabe Seiyaku. It has sedative and muscle-relaxant effects resulting from its agonist activity at the β subtype of the GABAa receptor, and has had some clinical use, although it causes photosensitization as a side-effect that can cause skin problems such as dermatitis.

TIANEPTINE, a tricyclic antidepressant, is a drug used for the treatment of the major depressive disorder. It was discovered by The French Society of Medical Research in the 1980s. Unlike other tricyclic antidepressants, TIANEPTINE is a selective serotonin reuptake enhancer with minimal effects on norepinephrine and dopamine uptake. Also, it is a full agonist at the mu-opioid and delta-opioid receptors with no effect at the kappa-opioid receptors. Selective mu-opioid agonists typically induce euphoria, which may contribute to TIANEPTINE's antidepressant effect. It is marketed as Coaxil/Stablon in many European countries, but it is not available in the US.

Mesterolone is an androgen receptor agonist which was developed for hormone replacement therapy in males suffering from androgen deficiency and related disorders. Mesterolone is known under the name Proviron. The drug is also used by bodybuilders and athletes.

Pralmorelin [GPA 748, GHRP 2, growth hormone-releasing peptide 2, KP-102 D, KP 102 LN] is an orally active, synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptide from a series of compounds that were developed by Polygen in Germany and Tulane University in the US. The use of pralmorelin as a diagnostic agent for GH deficiency is based on its ability to markedly increase plasma levels of GH in healthy subjects irrespectively of gender, obesity or age. However, in patients with GH deficiency, the effect of pralmorelin on GH levels is significantly lower compared with healthy controls. Pralmorelin is marketed under the brand name GHRP in Japan. It is used as a diagnostic agent in a single-dose formulation for the assessment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Pralmorelin (GHRP-2) acts to endogenously increase growth hormone release from the pituitary. With the increase of serum growth hormone, downstream effects occur. A notable hormone that is commonly used as a surrogate for growth hormone therapy, insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), is known to increase with the infusion of GHRP-2. Administration of GHRP-2 results in amplification of the naturally occurring growth hormone secretion peaks, regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary. After the release of growth hormone, a cascade of signaling events occurs in many body tissues, continuous exposure to growth hormone elicits long-term physiological changes. Of particular interest, especially in the case of the use of GHRP-2 as an alternative growth hormone therapy, hepatic production of IGF-1 occurs as result of endogenously released growth hormone from GHRP-2. GHRP-2 acts on the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR1a) in pituitary and hypothalamic tissues. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is the natural receptor for the endogenous hormone Ghrelin, a stress hormone produced mainly by the lining of the stomach. This receptor among many other functions, controls and growth hormone release.