Niflumic acid belongs to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and joint and muscular pain. Its mechanism of action is believed to be based on selective inhibition of cycloxygenases-2 that results in antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition to these effects on prostaglandin synthesis, it has been shown to act as a positive allosteric modulator on α1β2γ2 and as a negative modulator on α6β2 and α6β2γ2 (and α1β2) GABAA receptors. In addition, was reported, that niflumic acid blocked T-type calcium channels. It is available for clinical use in several European countries.

Oxametacin (1-p-chlorobenzoyl-2-methyl-5-methoxy-3-indolylacethydroxamic acid) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound that exerts analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. This drug has been claimed to be effective in the treatment of acute attacks of gout. In the antiproliferative test, oxametacin exhibited leukemic cell lines selectivity against the solid tumor cell lines. Oxametacin also exhibited inhibitory activity toward histone deacetylases and thus could be used as a lead compound in the further development of histone deacetylase inhibitors for anticancer therapy.

Febarbamate is a derivative of barbituric acid and carbamate, used for the treatment of generalized anxiety and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The drug was marketed in Europe in the 1980s as a single agent or in combination with difebarbamate and phenobarbital, but it was later withdrawn from the market because of the potential risk of liver damage.

Iodine-labeled ioglycamic acid (Bilivistan or Biligram) has been used as a contrast medium for intravenous cholangiocystography.

Flunoxaprofen is a chiral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is an arylalkanoic acid derivative. Flunoxaprofen inhibits leukotriene rather than prostaglandin synthesis. Its potency was comparable with that of indomethacin and higher than that of acetyl salicylic acid, ibuprofen or phenylbutazone. The analgesic activity of flunoxaprofen, evaluated by the hot plate method and tail pinching in mice, was slightly lower than that of indomethacin but higher than that of acetyl salicylic acid and ibuprofen. Its adverse reactions profile is similar to the profiles of other NSAIDs, including gastrointestinal disturbances. Flunoxaprofen was withdrawn from clinical use because of concerns of potential hepatotoxicity.

Ioxitalamic acid is a contrast media, which was used as a meglumine salt under the name Telebrix for intravenous urography; computed tomography; digital angiography; angiocardiography (ventriculography, coronary angiography). The drug is no longer available on the market.

Imidazole salicylate (also known as ITF-182), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits Tromboxane A2 synthesis, without interfering with cyclo-oxygenase pathway and possesses the limited inhibitory effects on prostaglandin synthesis. Imidazole salicylate can be used for the treatment of osteoarthrosis and musculoskeletal trauma. In addition, it can be given to patients with decompensated cirrhosis without risk of inhibiting kidney prostaglandin synthesis. Imidazole salicylate was characterized by good gastric tolerability and could be assigned for treatment of rheumatic diseases in the elderly. The drug also can be safely used in aspirin-sensitive patients.

Ioglicinate, contrast agent, is used in computed tomography.

Bumadizone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exerting analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been studied in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases.

Fosfonet sodium (or phosphonoacetate sodium), an organophosphorus compound, was found to be a specific inhibitor of the virus-induced DNA polymerases and thus could inhibit specifically the replication of herpes-viruses.