There is a little information about acetoxolone. It is known, that this drug is an acetyl derivative of the glycyrrhetinic acid, which is used to treat peptic ulcer.

Iobenzamic acid is a contrast medium, which was used for cholecystography under the name Osbil. It is assumed that the drug is no longer marketed.

Pirprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, related structurally to drugs such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen. Pirprofen was introduced by Ciba-Geigy in 1982 as a treatment for rheumatic diseases. In 1990 due to adverse effects, including some cases of fatal liver toxicity the manufacturers decided to discontinue marketing it worldwide. Pirprofen proved to be useful in the management of both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and as an analgesic. In doses of 600-800 mg/d, pirprofen has been found to be as effective as, but not superior to, aspirin 3.6 g/d in relieving the more common symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Pirprofen is as effective as, but not superior to, other available NSAIDs in terms of efficacy, tolerability, and incidence of adverse effects. The recommended dosage in osteoarthritis is 450-600 mg/d.

Flufenamic acid is a member of the anthranilic acid derivatives class of NSAID drugs. Like other members of the class, it is a COX inhibitor and prevents the formation of prostaglandins. Flufenamic acid is known to bind to and reduce the activity of prostaglandin F synthase and activate TRPC6.

Enprostil, a derivative of heptadienoic acid, is a prostaglandin E2 agonist. It is effective in the treatment of patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers.

2,5-Dimethyl-N-Phenyl-3H-diazaphophol-4-imine is a quinonoid tautomer of GABAA and GABAB agonist progabide. According to quantum mechanical calculations, a quinonoid form is predominant in polar solvents, while aromatic tautomer is prevalent in apolar solvents. Progabide is a prodrug of gamma-aminobutyric acid and was investigated for the treatment of epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, clinical depression, anxiety disorder, and other diseases. Progabide was marketed in France by Sanofi Aventis under tradename Gabrene for use in monotherapy and also as adjunctive therapy for generalized tonic-clonic, myoclonic, partial seizures, and for Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome, in both children and adults.

Acetylleucine is a drug that is used for symptomatic treatment of acute vestibular vertigo and dizziness. Its pharmacodynamics are not fully understood. The hypothesis is that it restores the membrane potential, via an interaction with membrane phospholipids on the injured side of vestibular neurons mainly in the thalamus or parietal region of the cortex. Clinical trials on animals showed an improvement in locomotor balance after forced rotation or unilateral vestibular neurotomy. Acetylleucine has a marketing authorisation in France although there is no evidence of its efficacy on human. Acetylleucine neither reduced the nausea associated with this provocative stimulus, nor hastened the acquisition or retention of vestibular habituation of motion sickness and nystagmus.

Ethyl maleate is supposed to be a toxic agent. Its administration induced acute aflatoxicosis in goats. Ethyl maleate is also used as a cross-linking agent for the synthesis of polymers.

Vedaprofen is a PGE2 synthase inhibitor approved in Europe for the treatment of pain in horses and dogs.

Iotroxic acid (INN), also known as meglumine iotroxate (BAN) (Biliscopin) for infusion is indicated for radiological examination of the hepatic and biliary ducts and gallbladder when examination by oral technique is unsuccessful or inappropriate. Following intravenous administration Biliscopin is rapidly excreted, mainly by the liver into the bile. Visualisation of the hepatic and common bile ducts and the gallbladder can, therefore, be achieved. Visualisation of the biliary ducts is usually possible 30-60 minutes after completion of administration. In vitro meglumine iotroxate binds to plasma proteins to the extent of 60-90% depending on concentration. In animals it crosses the placental barrier. This agent is the single intravenous cholangiographic agent, which is currently available in Australia.