Tauroselcholic acid Se-75 (SeHCAT) is an analog of naturally occurring bile acid conjugate taurocholic acid. It contains a radioactive isotope of selenium, which decays with a half-life of 120 days by emitting gamma-radiation. Tauroselcholic acid is used in clinical tests to diagnose bile acid malabsorption. This is achieved by determining either the excretion of activity in feces or the retention of the activity in the body over a period of days. Tauroselcholic acid is useful in the assessment of ileal involvement in, Crohn's disease, in assessing reduction of ileal absorptive function following certain surgical interventions and in assisting in the classification of patients suffering from chronic diarrhea.

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) analog of Diclofenac. It is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. The dose is 100 mg twice daily, and should not be given to people with porphyria or breastfeeding mothers and is not recommended for children. Aceclofenac is a cytokine inhibitor. Aceclofenac works by blocking the action of a substance in the body called cyclo-oxygenase. Cyclo-oxygenase is involved in the production of prostaglandins (chemicals in the body which cause pain, swelling and inflammation). Aceclofenac is the glycolic acid ester of diclofenac. The incidence of gastric ulcerogenicity of aceclofenac has been reported to be significantly lower than that of other frequently prescribed NSAIDs: for instance, 2-fold less than naproxen, 4-fold less than diclofenac, and 7-fold less than indomethacin. Aceclofenac is metabolized in human hepatocytes and human microsomes to form [2-(2',6'-dichloro-4'-hydroxy- phenylamino)phenyl] acetoxyacetic acid as the major metabolite, which is then further conjugated.

Lonazolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The mononuclear cell response to a synovial stimulus can be abolished by very low concentrations of lonazolac. This blockade can be completely released by the addition of prostaglandin E2. Lonazolac appears therefore as an agent able in addition to modulate the immune response. The release of histamine from human basophils was significantly decreased after preincubation of the cells with lonazolac Ca. Preincubation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes with lonazolac Ca led to an inhibition of leukotriene generation induced by either the Ca ionophore or opsonized zymosan. Lonazolac Ca affected different enzymes of the platelet activating factor metabolism. After pre- and post-treatment with lonazolac-Ca, the numbers of animals with lung metastases and the score of metastases significantly decreased. Lonazolac-Ca is indicated for the treatment of painful inflammatory rheumatic diseases of the joints and the spine. Acute irritation in osteoarthritis and spondylosis. Soft tissue rheumatism. Post-traumatic and postoperative pain and swelling states.

Fentiazac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent developed for the treatment of pain disorders. The drug was marketed under the name Norvedan, however, its current marketing status is unknown and supposed to be "discontinued".

Alfacalcidol (1-hydroxyvitamin D3) is a synthetic analog of vitamin D introduced clinically in the early 1970s. A prodrug for calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), it is one of the most potent and rapidly acting compounds currently used in the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency states and hypocalcemia. The clinical benefit of alfacalcidol is related to the stimulation of calcium and phosphorus absorption, reversal of myopathy, promotion of mineralization in bone and the ability to reabsorb fully mineralized bone. Similar marketed vitamin D compounds include calcitriol and ergocalciferol. Alfacalcidol is indicated in conditions where there is a disturbance of calcium metabolism due to impaired 1-α hydroxylation such as when there is reduced renal function.

Naproxcinod is the first in the class of CINODs and has been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. It is metabolized to naproxen and has been shown to donate nitric oxide in vitro and in vivo. It stimulated the expression of heme oxygenase-mRNA in endothelial cells in vitro, a crucial mediator of antioxidant and tissue-protective actions. In preclinical studies, Naproxcinod has been shown to be analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Naproxcinod dose-dependently displayed a noticeable and significant anti-ischemic effect in reperfused ischemic rabbit hearts and did not exhibit the hypertensive effects of naproxen. In a proof of concept study in 31 healthy volunteers with GI tolerance as the primary endpoint, Naproxcinod caused fewer gastric erosions in both the stomach and the duodenum than naproxen, while 0.2 erosions were found with placebo. Naproxcinod caused less of an adverse effect in intestinal permeability than naproxen and was similar to placebo.

Tepoxalin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug approved for veterinary use in the United States and many other countries. Marketed under the brand name Zubrin, Tepoxalin is indicated for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. Tepoxalin has an unique property as an NSAIDs that suppresses both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase.

Dexibuprofen, S(+)-ibuprofen, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and active dextrorotatory enantiomer of ibuprofen. Pharmacotherapeutic effects of dexibuprofen are more potent with lesser side effects than that of the racemic mixture of both isomers. In the acute and chronic treatment of osteoarthritis, it exhibits equivalent efficacy and tolerability as that of celecoxib. Dexibuprofen is a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX), which is an enzyme involved in prostaglandin (mediators of pain and fever) and thromboxane (stimulators of blood clotting) synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway. Dexibuprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor and hence, it inhibits the activity of both COX-1 and COX-2. The inhibition of COX-2 activity decreases the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation, pain, fever, and swelling while the inhibition of COX-1 is thought to cause some of the side effects of Dexibuprofen including GI ulceration. The major disadvantage of dexibuprofen is its low bioavailability, the account of its low solubility in physiological media.

Raltitrexed belongs to a group of medicines known as antimetabolites. It is used to treat cancer of the colon and rectum. It may also be used to treat other kinds of cancer, as determined by your doctor. Raltitrexed blocks an enzyme needed by the cell to live. This interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed. Since the growth of normal body cells may also be affected by raltitrexed, other effects will also occur. Some of these may be serious and must be reported to your doctor. Other effects, like hair loss, may not be serious but may cause concern. Raltitrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) leading to DNA fragmentation and cell death. It is transported into cells via a reduced folate carrier. Inside the cell Raltitrexed is extensively polyglutamated, which enhances thymidylate synthase inhibitory power and duration. Inhibition of this enzyme results in decreased synthesis of thymidine triphosphate which is required for DNA synthesis. Raltitrexed is used for the treatment of malignant neoplasm of colon and rectum. Although raltitrexed is not approved by the US FDA, the drug was licensed in Canada and some European countries.

Tiaprofenic acid is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic compound, which nonselectively inhibits cyclooxygenase protein. Tiaprofenic acid was approved in Europe for the symptomatic relief of arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and other inflammatory-rheumatic disorders as well as the painful conditions after injury.