Nicofuranose is a niacin derivative used as a hypolipidemic agent. The Nicofuranose administration leads to inhibition of free fatty acid turnover and consequently a marked reduction in triglyceride turnover. Nicofuranose, unlike clofibrate, did not affect the mechanisms responsible for the clearance of plasma triglycerides.

MOTRETINIDE is a retinoic acid derivative. It is used as a topical agent in the treatment of mild to moderate acne.

Phenprobamate (3-phenylpropylcarbamate, Gamaquil, Isotonil) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant with mild sedative and anticonvulsant effects. Muscle relaxants can enhance and prolong the effect of narcotic drugs and enable to obtain same effect with a smaller amount of alcohol or illicit substance. Almost all of the centrally acting muscle relaxants have varying sedative effects on which their abuse potential mainly depends. Overdose is similar to barbiturates. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to meprobamate. Phenprobamate was previously used in humans as an anxiolytic, and is still sometimes used in general anesthesia and for treating muscle cramps and spasticity. Phenprobamate is still used in some European countries, but it has generally been replaced by newer drugs. Phenprobamate is metabolized by oxidative degradation of the carbamate group and ortho-hydroxylation of the benzene ring, and is eliminated in urine by the kidneys. Doses range from 400 to 800 mg, up to 3 times a day.

Iocarmic acid is a molecule used in seventies as a contrast media for myelography. Iocarmate meglumine (Dimer-X), a water-soluble salt of iocarmic acid was reported to be safe and best tolerated by central nervous system compared to metrizamide in a double-blind test in patients with symptoms of lumbar and sacral root involvement. In the experimental and clinical studies of Dimer-X used for ventriculography the apparent superiority of Dimer-X over Conray 60 and Angiografin as far as side effects were concerned was demonstrated, but there were no particular differences in the intensities of the ventriculograms obtained. Morphological studies of the ventricles and histological examinations of the ventricular walls 1 month after injections of Dimer-X into the ventricles of dogs showed no abnormalities. In the clinical studies, ventriculography Dimer-X, performed on patients with diseases of the central nervous system, produced ventriculograms of good diagnostic value with no side effects, such as convulsions, apart from mild headache or vomiting in 4 instances. Ventriculography with Dimer-X was carried in 15 infants with myelomeningocele and progressive hydrocephalus. However, as was shown in a number of studies iocarmate produced moderate to severe arachnoiditis from myelography in primates. Early meningitis side effects following lumbar radiculography with iocarmate meglumine were demonstrated.

Benzbromarone (INN) is a uricosuric agent and non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase used in the treatment of gout, especially when the first line treatment, allopurinol, fails or produces intolerable adverse effects. It is structurally related to the antiarrhythmic amiodarone. Benzbromarone was introduced in the 1970s and was viewed as having few associated serious adverse reactions. It was registered in about 20 countries throughout Asia, South America and Europe. In 2003, the drug was withdrawn by Sanofi-Synthélabo, after reports of serious hepatotoxicity, although it is still marketed in several countries by other drug companies. The withdrawal has greatly limited its availability around the world and increased difficulty in accessing it in other countries where it has never been available. Standard dosages of benzbromarone (100 mg/day) tend to produce greater hypouricaemic effects than standard doses of allopourinol (300 mg/day) or probenecid (1000 mg/day). Adverse effects associated with benzbromarone are relatively infrequent but potentially severe. Four cases of benzbromarone-induced hepatotoxicity were identified from primary literature, and eleven cases have been reported by Sanofi-Synthélabo but details are not available in the public domain. Only one of the four publicly published cases demonstrated a clear relationship between the drug and liver injury as demonstrated by rechallenge. The other three cases lacked incontrovertible evidence to support a diagnosis of benzbromarone-induced hepatotoxicity. If all the reported cases are assumed to be due to benzbromarone, the estimated risk of hepatotoxicity in Europe was approximately 1 in 17 000 patients but may be higher in Japan. Benzbromarone is a very potent inhibitor of CYP2C9. The mechanism of benzbromarone hepatotoxicity is believed to be due to its hepatic metabolism by CYP2C9 and possible effects of the parent compound or its metabolites on mitochondrial function. Benzbromarone is a benzofuran and shares structural similarities with benzarone and amiodarone, all three of which affect mitochondrial function.

Oxitriptan is an aromatic amino acid with antidepressant activity. In vivo, oxitriptan is converted into 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) as well as other neurotransmitters. Oxitriptan may exert its antidepressant activity via conversion to serotonin or directly by binding to serotonin receptors within the central nervous system. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant. Oxitriptan is a worthwhile addition to the limited treatments available for obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder, two psychiatric disorders which have previously been difficult to manage pharmacologically. Possible gastrointestinal side effects are: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation or flatulence, which tend to disappear with continued treatment or, in any case, dose reduction. Other undesirable effects such as anorexia, xerostomia, tachycardia, extrasystoles, dizziness, headache, lightheadedness, tremor or myalgia may occur.

Benorilate is an aspirin-paracetamol ester with analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic properties. After absorption, it is rapidly metabolised to salicylate and paracetamol. It has been used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate pain and fever. It has also been used in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and soft-tissue rheumatism. Associated adverse reactions: nausea, diarrhea or constipation, digestive disorders or heartburn, occasionally - a transient skin rash, and sleepiness. Benoral should not be administered concomitantly with probenecid or any other uricosuric agents that decrease tubular reabsorption as any form of salicylate antagonises this effect when given in doses of less than 5 gm per day.