Carbuterol is a beta-adrenergic bronchodilator with selectivity for bronchial smooth muscle relative to cardiac and vascular tissues of several species including man. In vitro studies demonstrated that carbuterol was a direct acting beta-adrenergic agonist, not dependent on endogenous catecholamine release, and was devoid of alpha-adrenergic agonist activity. The activity of the racemate was shown to reside primarily in the l-enantiomer. Carbuterol inhibited immunologically induced release of histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis from passively sensitized fragmented rhesus monkey lung and also inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. Acute toxicity studies in mice, rats and guinea pigs indicated a wide safety margin for carbuterol. Carbuterol is a safer and more effective bronchodilator than ephedrine.

Oxetorone is an antimigraine drug used for the disease-modifying treatment of migraines and marketed in several European countries. It works by non-selective inhibition of serotonin receptors and antihistamine agent. The therapeutic effects of oxetorone are primarily linked to antiserotonergic and also antihistamine and anti-adrenergic properties. Antidopaminergic properties are also suspected because hyperprolactinemia and extrapyramidal reactions have been observed. Adverse effects are: hypertonia, drowsiness at the start of treatment, diarrhoea and lymphocytic colitis. Acute intoxications by oxetorone, although uncommon, are potentially severe poisonings.

Benserazide is a peripherally-acting aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) or DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor. Benserazide is only used in conjunction with L-dopa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease under the brand name Madopar in the UK. Madopar HBS (125 mg) is a controlled-release dosage form with 100 mg L-dopa and 25 mg benserazide.

Proxazole Citrate is a spasmolytic papaverine-like agent used for functional gastrointestinal disorders in veterinary and acute renal insufficiency. In animal models, Proxazole has antitussive, antispasmodic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities. Proxazole has veterinary uses against gastritis, infective and non-infective gastro-enteritis, urethritis, cystitis and spastic states with an inflammatory component of the smooth muscles of the digestive and genito-urinary systems. Proxazole is excreted both in feces and urine mainly as inactive metabolites.

Pirenzepine is a M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist, which is prescribed for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer in Europe. The drug preferentially acts on the gastric mucosa to inhibit secretion of both gastric acid and pepsin. Experiment with healthy volunteers demonstrated that pirenzepine passes the blood-brain barrier, but only to a small extent.

Propionylpromazine is used as a neuroleptic to combat stress in pets and farm animals. The main use is to combat stress in the transport of pigs. Propionylpromazine was in common use in veterinary practice in the 1950s and 1960s. Propionylpromazine is of interest to JECFA because of the illicit use at pharmacological dosage (< 1 mg/kg i.m.) in the immediate pre-slaughter period.

Dopexamine hydrochloride is a synthetic catecholamine, structurally related to dopamine, with marked intrinsic agonist activity at beta 2-adrenoceptors, lesser agonist activity at dopamine DA1- and DA2-receptors and beta 1-adrenoceptors, and an inhibitory action on the neuronal catecholamine uptake mechanism. The drug is administered by intravenous infusion, and is characterized by a rapid onset and short duration of action. Dopexamine is being tested as a treatment for heart failure and sepsis.

Melitracen (HCl) is a tricyclic antidepressant with actions and effects similar to amitriptyline.Melitracen (HCl) is given orally in the treatment of depression. It should be withdrawn gradually to reduce the risk of withdrawl symptoms. Melitracen (HCl) is primarily indicated in conditions like Anxiety, Asthenia, Depression, gastro-intestinal disorders associated with anxiety and agitation. Melitracen is marketed in Europe and Japan by Lundbeck and Takeda, respectively, for the treatment of depression and anxiety. In addition to single drug preparations, it is also available as Deanxit, a combination product containing both melitracen and flupentixol. The way this drug works hasn’t been thoroughly researched, but some hypothesize that it may work similarly to the drugs Imipramine and Amitriptyline. In comparison to older TCAs, this drug is thought to work more quickly with more favorable side effects.

Adinazolam, a benzodiazepine agonist, is an effective anxiolytic agent with antidepressant properties. It was shown, that adinazolam by itself had relatively weak benzodiazepine agonist activity, and much of the pharmacological activity belonged to its active metabolite N-desmethyladinazolam (NDMAD). Adinazolam has never been FDA approved, but it is sold as a research chemical.

Reproterol is a short-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma. Reproterol increases the generation of cAMP in isolated peripheral blood monocytes in vitro more effectively than does orciprenaline. In the presence of the highly potent but nonselective ß-antagonist, propranolol, the cAMP-generating action of reproterol was inhibited only partially. Reproterol has gained wide use when it was licensed as a fixed combination therapy with cromoglycate. Until today, the bronchodilator effects of reproterol and the bronchoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of cromoglycate combined in one inhaler remain the successful fixed combination of a disease-modifying and symptomatic drug for the treatment of asthma.