(+)-SKF-10,047 is a sigma-opioid receptor agonist. (+)-SKF-10,047 is distinct from its (-)-enantiomer in binding pattern and associated behavioural effects. (+)-SKF-10,047 stress-induced motor suppression, while its (-)-optical isomer was inactive. Besides activation of sigma-1 receptor, (+)-SKF-10,047 is inhibitor of Na(V)1.2 and Na(V)1.4 channels.

Rosavin is a glycoside found in the plant Rhodiola rosea. It is a component of rosavin capsules from Ameriden which are marketd to reduce stress and anxiety.

(-)-Limonene is found in mint oils and has a piney, turpentine-like odor. (-)-Limonene has an antioxidant effect and it cause rat myometrial contraction through activation of the A2A receptor and opening of the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel. It is a natural larvicidal agents against A. aegypti. (-)-Limonene induced accumulation of protein droplets containing alpha 2 mu-globulin in proximal tubular epithelial cells in male rats, inducing nephropathy.

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a naturally occurring substance, which is a product of decarboxylation of the amino acid glutamate mediated by the synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain and acts mainly through the GABAA receptor (GABAAR). GABA is locally produced by the pancreatic beta cells. GABAARs are also expressed in various immune cells, including T-cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and are known to exert immune-inhibitory effects. Recently was studied, that GABA has the potential in treatment of Type I Diabetes. Moreover, was shown, that GABA administration could enhance immunity under stress conditions.

Isoflupredone is a veterinary drug used in cows, pigs and horses for the treatment of wide range of conditions: ketosis, musculoskeletal disorders, hypersensitivity, infections, inflammatory diseases, etc. The drug belongs to the class of corticosteroids and exerts its therapeutic effect by binding to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors of animals.

Propionylpromazine is used as a neuroleptic to combat stress in pets and farm animals. The main use is to combat stress in the transport of pigs. Propionylpromazine was in common use in veterinary practice in the 1950s and 1960s. Propionylpromazine is of interest to JECFA because of the illicit use at pharmacological dosage (< 1 mg/kg i.m.) in the immediate pre-slaughter period.

(+)-SKF-10,047 is a sigma-opioid receptor agonist. (+)-SKF-10,047 is distinct from its (-)-enantiomer in binding pattern and associated behavioural effects. (+)-SKF-10,047 stress-induced motor suppression, while its (-)-optical isomer was inactive. Besides activation of sigma-1 receptor, (+)-SKF-10,047 is inhibitor of Na(V)1.2 and Na(V)1.4 channels.

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a naturally occurring substance, which is a product of decarboxylation of the amino acid glutamate mediated by the synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain and acts mainly through the GABAA receptor (GABAAR). GABA is locally produced by the pancreatic beta cells. GABAARs are also expressed in various immune cells, including T-cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and are known to exert immune-inhibitory effects. Recently was studied, that GABA has the potential in treatment of Type I Diabetes. Moreover, was shown, that GABA administration could enhance immunity under stress conditions.

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a naturally occurring substance, which is a product of decarboxylation of the amino acid glutamate mediated by the synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain and acts mainly through the GABAA receptor (GABAAR). GABA is locally produced by the pancreatic beta cells. GABAARs are also expressed in various immune cells, including T-cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and are known to exert immune-inhibitory effects. Recently was studied, that GABA has the potential in treatment of Type I Diabetes. Moreover, was shown, that GABA administration could enhance immunity under stress conditions.

Isoflupredone is a veterinary drug used in cows, pigs and horses for the treatment of wide range of conditions: ketosis, musculoskeletal disorders, hypersensitivity, infections, inflammatory diseases, etc. The drug belongs to the class of corticosteroids and exerts its therapeutic effect by binding to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors of animals.