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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C22H32N2O2.2ClH
Molecular Weight 429.424
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of DOPEXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

SMILES

Cl.Cl.OC1=CC=C(CCNCCCCCCNCCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1O

InChI

InChIKey=VPDULUNRSQWWJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C22H32N2O2.2ClH/c25-21-11-10-20(18-22(21)26)13-17-24-15-7-2-1-6-14-23-16-12-19-8-4-3-5-9-19;;/h3-5,8-11,18,23-26H,1-2,6-7,12-17H2;2*1H

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Molecular Formula ClH
Molecular Weight 36.461
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE
Molecular Formula C22H32N2O2
Molecular Weight 356.5017
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description

Dopexamine hydrochloride is a synthetic catecholamine, structurally related to dopamine, with marked intrinsic agonist activity at beta 2-adrenoceptors, lesser agonist activity at dopamine DA1- and DA2-receptors and beta 1-adrenoceptors, and an inhibitory action on the neuronal catecholamine uptake mechanism. The drug is administered by intravenous infusion, and is characterized by a rapid onset and short duration of action. Dopexamine is being tested as a treatment for heart failure and sepsis.

Originator

Approval Year

Unknown
149124
Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
D(2) dopamine receptor
58
Target ID: P14416
Gene ID: 1813.0
Gene Symbol: DRD2
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Agonist
2752
Agonist
2752
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Phase II
1147
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Primary
Phase II
1147
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
124 mg/L
REVIEW
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1970288/
180 μg/kg single, intravenous
dose: 180 μg/kg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DOPEXAMINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
236 ng/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8148227/
2 μg/kg/min single, intravenous
dose: 2 μg/kg/min
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DOPEXAMINE blood
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7 min
REVIEW
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1970288/
180 μg/kg single, intravenous
dose: 180 μg/kg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
DOPEXAMINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
4 ug/kg/min 1 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 4 ug/kg/min, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 4 ug/kg/min, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
unhealthy, ADULT
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: ADULT
Sex: M+F
Food Status: UNKNOWN
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
Disc. AE: Sinus tachycardia, Respiratory distress...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Sinus tachycardia (5%)
Respiratory distress (5%)
Fatigue (5%)
Chest tightness (5%)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
1.2 ug/kg/min single, intravenous
Studied dose
Dose: 1.2 ug/kg/min
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 1.2 ug/kg/min
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7915979/
unhealthy, ADULT
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: ADULT
Sex: M+F
Food Status: UNKNOWN
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7915979/
Other AEs: Supraventricular tachycardia...
Other AEs:
Supraventricular tachycardia (40%)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7915979/
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Chest tightness 5%
Disc. AE
4 ug/kg/min 1 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 4 ug/kg/min, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 4 ug/kg/min, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
unhealthy, ADULT
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: ADULT
Sex: M+F
Food Status: UNKNOWN
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
Fatigue 5%
Disc. AE
4 ug/kg/min 1 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 4 ug/kg/min, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 4 ug/kg/min, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
unhealthy, ADULT
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: ADULT
Sex: M+F
Food Status: UNKNOWN
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
Respiratory distress 5%
Disc. AE
4 ug/kg/min 1 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 4 ug/kg/min, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 4 ug/kg/min, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
unhealthy, ADULT
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: ADULT
Sex: M+F
Food Status: UNKNOWN
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
Sinus tachycardia 5%
Disc. AE
4 ug/kg/min 1 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 4 ug/kg/min, 1 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 4 ug/kg/min, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
unhealthy, ADULT
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: ADULT
Sex: M+F
Food Status: UNKNOWN
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8850384/
Supraventricular tachycardia 40%
1.2 ug/kg/min single, intravenous
Studied dose
Dose: 1.2 ug/kg/min
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 1.2 ug/kg/min
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7915979/
unhealthy, ADULT
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: ADULT
Sex: M+F
Food Status: UNKNOWN
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7915979/
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Is dopexamine superior to dopamine in the treatment of multiple trauma patients--a prospective, double-blind, randomised study.
2010-05
Dopexamine and survival: areas of consistency.
2009-11
Pharmacological interventions for ischaemia reperfusion injury in liver resection surgery performed under vascular control.
2009-10-07
Hemodynamic effects of dobutamine and dopexamine after cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric cardiac surgery.
2009-09
Meta-analysis on the effect of dopexamine on in-hospital mortality.
2009-06
Meta-analyses of the effects of dopexamine in major surgery: do all roads lead to Rome?
2009-06
The effect of fenoldopam and dopexamine on hepatic blood flow and hepatic function following coronary artery bypass grafting with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
2009-06
Association of arterial blood pressure and vasopressor load with septic shock mortality: a post hoc analysis of a multicenter trial.
2009
Clinical review: Goal-directed therapy in high risk surgical patients.
2009
Perioperative indocyanine green clearance is predictive for prolonged intensive care unit stay after coronary artery bypass grafting--an observational study.
2009
Gastric tonometry versus cardiac index as resuscitation goals in septic shock: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.
2009
Inotropic therapy for cardiac low output syndrome: comparison of hemodynamic effects of dopamine/dobutamine versus dopamine/dopexamine.
2008-10-27
Heme oxygenase-1 induction in the brain during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation.
2008-06
Effect of dopexamine infusion on mortality following major surgery: individual patient data meta-regression analysis of published clinical trials.
2008-04
Catecholamines induce an inflammatory response in human hepatocytes.
2008-03
The adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-[2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl]-adenine decreases intestinal permeability and protects against experimental sepsis: a prospective, randomised laboratory investigation.
2008
Inotropic therapy for cardiac low output syndrome: comparison of hemodynamic effects of dopamine/dobutamine versus dopamine/dopexamine.
2007-11-05
Synthetic inotropes inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules and augment the expression of L-selectin in polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
2007-08
Splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption: effects of enteral nutrition and dopexamine in the elderly cardiac surgery patient.
2007-05
The incidence of myocardial injury following post-operative Goal Directed Therapy.
2007-03-19
Year in review 2006: Critical Care--Multiple organ failure, sepsis, and shock.
2007
Could dopamine be a silent killer?
2007
An iterative Bayesian approach to health technology assessment: application to a policy of preoperative optimization for patients undergoing major elective surgery.
2006-09-26
The effects of dopexamine in bupivacaine and ropivacaine induced cardiotoxicity in isolated rat heart.
2006-08
Comparison of systemic and renal effects of dopexamine and dopamine in norepinephrine-treated septic shock.
2006-04
Effects of dopexamine on regional blood flow and leukotriene production in multiple splanchnic sites in endotoxemic rats.
2006-03-02
Advances in protocolising management of high risk surgical patients.
2006-02
Hemodynamic monitoring over the past 10 years.
2006-02
Dopexamine and norepinephrine versus epinephrine on gastric perfusion in patients with septic shock: a randomized study [NCT00134212].
2006-02
Prevention of acute renal failure--first do no harm!
2006-02
Inhaled beta-2 agonist salbutamol and acute lung injury: an association with improvement in acute lung injury.
2006-02
Hemodynamic optimization of sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion.
2006
Diagnostic value and prognostic implications of serum procalcitonin after cardiac surgery: a systematic review of the literature.
2006
Dobutamine reverses the vasopressin-associated impairment in cardiac index and systemic oxygen supply in ovine endotoxemia.
2006
Intravenous nitroglycerin does not preserve gastric microcirculation during gastric tube reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial.
2006
Year in review 2005: critical care--cardiology.
2006
Effects of dopexamine on the intestinal microvascular blood flow and leukocyte activation in a sepsis model in rats.
2006
Catecholamines: physiological immunomodulators during health and illness.
2006
Prospective, randomized trial comparing fluids and dobutamine optimization of oxygen delivery in high-risk surgical patients [ISRCTN42445141].
2006
The choice of catecholamines in septic shock: more and more good arguments to strengthen the known position, but don't lose the faith!
2006
Effects of dopexamine in a rat model of supracoeliac aortic cross-clamping and declamping.
2006
Effects of dopexamine on lipid peroxidation during aortic surgery in pigs: comparison with dopamine.
2005-12
Renal blood flow in sepsis.
2005-08
Bench-to-bedside review: Inotropic drug therapy after adult cardiac surgery -- a systematic literature review.
2005-06
Optimal management of the high risk surgical patient: beta stimulation or beta blockade?
2005
Highs and lows in high-risk surgery: the controversy of goal-directed haemodynamic management.
2005
Functional hemodynamic monitoring.
2005
Meta-analysis of hemodynamic optimization: relationship to methodological quality.
2005
Changes in central venous saturation after major surgery, and association with outcome.
2005
Early goal-directed therapy after major surgery reduces complications and duration of hospital stay. A randomised, controlled trial [ISRCTN38797445].
2005

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
0.5 ug/kg/min (heart failure), from 0.5 ug/kg/min with 0.5 ug/kg/min increments every 3 min (septic shock).
Route of Administration: Intravenous
In Vitro Use Guide
[3H]-Dopexamine was specifically bound to sections of human right or left ventricle. The binding was time-, temperature- and concentration-dependent and was dissociable. The apparent equilibrium constant of dissociation was 3·5 nM. A decreased [3H]-dopexamine binding capacity from the base to the apex and ventricles was noticeable.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
Record UNII
0VN909S60Y
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
DOPEXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
MART.   USAN   WHO-DD  
USAN  
Official Name English
DOPEXAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
EP   MI  
Preferred Name English
FPL-60278AR
Code English
DOPACARD
Brand Name English
DOPEXAMINE HCL
Common Name English
Dopexamine hydrochloride [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
DOPEXAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
DOPEXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USAN]
Common Name English
DOPEXAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE [MI]
Common Name English
1,2-BENZENEDIOL, 4-(2-((6-((2-PHENYLETHYL)AMINO)HEXYL)AMINO)ETHYL)-, DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
DOPEXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE [MART.]
Common Name English
4(2-(6-(N-2-PHENYLETHYLAMINO) HEXYL)AMINOETHYL)-1,2-BENZENEDIOL DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Systematic Name English
FPL 60278AR
Code English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C66884
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
EVMPD
SUB01819MIG
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL77622
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
68603
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
235768
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY RxNorm
CAS
86484-91-5
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DBSALT002175
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m4742
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Merck Index
USAN
W-98A
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID40235591
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C76650
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000087543
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
0VN909S60Y
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:27 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
Structure of DOPEXAMINE
PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE
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Structure of 1,6-Bis(2-phenylethyl) hexanedioate
IMPURITY -> PARENT
Structure of 4,4?-[hexane-1,6-diylbis(iminoethylene)]dibenzene-1,2-diol
IMPURITY -> PARENT
Structure of N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N?-(2-phenylethyl)hexane-1,6-diamine
IMPURITY -> PARENT
Structure of N,N?-bis(2-phenylethyl)hexane-1,6-diamine
IMPURITY -> PARENT
Related Record Type Details
Structure of DOPEXAMINE
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