U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 321 - 330 of 8093 results

Berefrine (also known as phenylephrine oxazolidine), a prodrug of phenylephrine, is a mydriatic agent. Berefrine was developed for improving ocular absorption and reducing systemic side effects.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 346.18(a) anorectal:astringent calamine
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Solution of Ferric Subsulphate U.S.P.
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Ferric Ammonium EDTA Solution is normally used as a photographic chemical for a bleaching agent in the process of colour washing. It is also used as a complexing, and oxidizing agent & as a fertilizer and catalyst. EDTA acid are colourless, water-soluble solid that are widely used to dissolve scale. The usefulness of these ammonium salts arise because of its role as a chelating agent, i.e. its ability to "sequester" metal ions such as Ca2+ and Fe3+.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 349.12(d)(1) ophthalmic:demulcents glycerin
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First marketed in 1921
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Glycerin U.S.P.
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Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)


Glycerin (glycerol) is 3-carbon alcohol naturally occurring in the human body. It is the structural backbone triacylglycerol molecules, and can also be converted to a glycolytic substrate for subsequent metabolism. Glycerin is a colorless, odorless, viscous, sweet-tasting liquid. The FDA classifies glycerol as "generally recognized as safe". Glycerin is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a sweetener in syrups, lozenges, and as an excipient in eyewash solutions. As an individual prescription product, glycerin has uses as a hyperosmotic, osmotic diuretic, and ophthalmic agent. It may be used as an eye drop in the treatment of glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure, as a solution or suppository for short-term treatment of constipation, to evacuate the bowel prior to a colonoscopy, and in some ocular surgeries. It may be given intravenously to reduce pressure inside the brain and used externally on the skin as a moisturizer. Glycerin has many other uses in the agricultural, food and pharmaceutical industry.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 344.1 otic:earwax removal aid carbamide peroxide 6.5% (in anhydrous glycerin)
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First marketed in 1921
Source:
Hydrogen Peroxide
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Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Hydrogen peroxide has been used in medicine for more than 100 years. It is known in surgery as a highly useful irrigation solution by virtue of both its hemostatic and its antimicrobial effects. Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation (e.g., due to canker/cold sores, gingivitis). This product works by releasing oxygen when it is applied to the affected area. The release of oxygen causes foaming, which helps to remove dead skin and clean the area. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 331.11(a)(2) antacid:aluminum-containing aluminum hydroxide-magnesium trisilicate, co-dried gel
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Aluminum Hydroxide U.S.P.
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Algeldrate (Aluminium hydroxide) is the amphoteric inorganic compound used as an antacid in the treatment of Duodenal, Peptic and Stomach Ulcer and some other conditions. Aluminium hydroxide is preferred over other alternatives such as sodium bicarbonate because Al(OH)3, being insoluble, does not increase the pH of stomach above 7 and hence, does not trigger secretion of excess acid by the stomach. Brand names include Alu-Cap, Aludrox, Gaviscon or Pepsamar. It reacts with the excess acid in the stomach, reducing the acidity of the stomach content, which may relieve the symptoms of ulcers, heartburn or dyspepsia. Such products can cause constipation, because the aluminum ions inhibit the contractions of smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract, slowing peristalsis and lengthening the time needed for stool to pass through the colon. Some such products (such as Maalox) are formulated to minimize such effects through the inclusion of equal concentrations of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate, which have counterbalancing laxative effects. This compound is also used to control phosphate (phosphorus) levels in the blood of people suffering from kidney failure. Precipitated aluminum hydroxide is included as an adjuvant in some vaccines (e.g. anthrax vaccine). One of the well-known brands of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is Alhydrogel, made by Brenntag Biosector. Since it absorbs protein well, it also functions to stabilize vaccines by preventing the proteins in the vaccine from precipitating or sticking to the walls of the container during storage. Aluminium hydroxide is sometimes mistakenly called "alum", which properly refers to aluminum potassium sulfate. Vaccine formulations containing aluminum hydroxide stimulate the immune system by inducing the release of uric acid, an immunological danger signal. This strongly attracts certain types of monocytes which differentiate into dendritic cells. The dendritic cells pick up the antigen, carry it to lymph nodes, and stimulate T cells and B cells. It appears to contribute to induction of a good Th2 response, so is useful for immunizing against pathogens that are blocked by antibodies. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was speculated that aluminum was related to various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Since then, multiple epidemiological studies have found no connection between exposure to aluminum and neurological disorders.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 331.11(g)(4) antacid:magnesium-containing magnesium carbonate
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First marketed in 1921
Source:
Magnesium Carbonate U.S.P.
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Menthyl lactate is derived from menthol, a compound that comes from peppermint oil, or is made synthetically. Menthol has a natural cooling effect, which makes it useful as a topical analgesic to treat skin irritation, pain, itching or sunburn. Despite its cooling benefits, menthol can be a skin irritant. Like menthol, menthyl lactate is cooling, but it causes less skin irritation than menthol. Menthyl lactate also has a refreshing, minty taste. For this reason, some manufacturers use it as a flavoring ingredient. The compound is recommended for use as a flavor in concentrations of 0.005% to 0.2% and in cosmetic and other external products in concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 2.0%. Menthyl lactate is a known compound available e.g. from Haarmann & Reimer GmbH (Germany) under the name FRESCOLAT, Type ML.
Status:
US Approved OTC
Source:
21 CFR 333.310(c) acne resorcinol monoacetate (when combined with sulfur)
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Conditions:

Resorcinol Acetate is used as an ingredient to reduce the number of acne blemishes, acne pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads. In the United States, anti-acne agents are regulated as Over-the-Counter (OTC) drug ingredients. Resorcinol Acetate is also used to enhance the appearance and feel of hair, by increasing hair body, suppleness, or sheen, or by improving the texture of hair that has been damaged physically or by chemical treatment and to enhance the appearance of dry or damaged skin by reducing flaking and restoring suppleness.