U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 171 - 180 of 291 results

Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Panacur by Farbwerke Hoechst
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole antiparasitic drug currently approved for use in numerous animal species, including rodents. Although nematodes, and in particular pinworms, are the main endoparasites of concern in laboratory rodents, FBZ also is indicated for use in other animal species against a wide spectrum of nematodes, tapeworms, flukes, and protozoa (Giardia duodenalis, Encephalitozoon intestinalis). The molecular mode of fenbendazole action consists in binding of beta-tubulin monomer prior to dimerisation with alfa-tubulin which blocks subsequent microtubule formation. These microtubules are important organelles involved in the motility, the division and the secretion processes of cells in all living organisms. In the worms the blocking of microtubules perturbs the uptake of glucose, which eventually empties the glycogen reserves. This blocks the whole energy management mechanism of the worms that are paralyzed and die or are expelled. FBZ have a greater binding to nematode as compared to mammalian tubulin at 37°C. The oral LD50 of p-OH fenbendazole was >10 000 mg/kg b.w. in mice and rats.
Miripirium chloride is used as an antimicrobial preservative in some pharmaceutical products. Miripirium was used as the preservative in Depo-Medrol. Miripirium was used as constituent of methylprednisolone acetate suspensions used for intra-articular corticosteroid therapy.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
MECADOX
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)


Carbadox is a veterinary medicine, which was approved by FDA for the treatment of swine dysentery and bacterial swine enteritis. In 2016 the FDA announced its plans to withdraw the approval of Mecadox (carbadox) due to the concern that the drug may leave trace amounts of carcinogenic residue in pork that could pose a cancer risk to people, however, the drug is still marketing.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
ZOAMIX by Dow
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Conditions:

Dinitolmide (also known as zoalene) is a nitrobenzamide coccidiostat developed by Dow Company. The drug is approved by FDA for the prevention and control of coccidiosis in chickens and turkeys. Dinitolmide is hazardous for man as it may cause mutations. Thus the substance should be handle with extreme caution.
Isoflupredone is a veterinary drug used in cows, pigs and horses for the treatment of wide range of conditions: ketosis, musculoskeletal disorders, hypersensitivity, infections, inflammatory diseases, etc. The drug belongs to the class of corticosteroids and exerts its therapeutic effect by binding to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors of animals.
Ttioxidazole has broad spectrum activity against gastrointestinal nematodes. Tiox (tioxidazole) Paste is indicated for removal of mature large strongyles (Strongylus edentatus, S.equinus , and S.vulgaris ), mature ascarids (Parascaris equorum and immature (4th larval stage) pinworms (Oxyuris equi), and mature small strongyles (Triodontophorus spp). Ttioxidazole is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor.
Dichlorvos is a synthetic organic chemical used as an insecticide. Dichlorvos does not occur naturally in the environment, but is manufactured by industry. Dichlorvos is sold under many trade names including Vapona®, Atgard®, Nuvan®, and Task®. It is also used as an insecticide for slow release on pest-strips for pest control in homes.  Dichlorvos is used as an anthelmintic (worming agent) for dogs, swine, and horses, as a botacide (agent that kills fly larvae) for horses, and in flea collars for dogs. In 1995, EPA proposed cancellation of dichlorvos for all home uses, and for many commercial and industrial uses.
Cambendazole is a veterinary anti-parasitic drug, which was approved by FDA for the treatment of worm infections in horses. The mode of action of cambendazole is the inhibition of glucose uptake, fumarate reductase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Due to its mechanism of action, cambendazole causes the paralysis of parasites.
SULFACLOZINE is a competitive antagonist of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a precursor of folic acid, in protozoa and bacteria. It is indicated for treatment of coccidiosis in poultry due to infection with Eimeria species, fowl typhoid due to infection with Salmonella gallinarum and fowl cholera due to infection with Pasteurella multocida. Adverse reactions are liver damage, allergic reactions. In poultry undesirable effects, as inappetence, diarrhoea, growth depression, or haemorrhages after administration of sulfaclozine are rare. Prolong use may cause crystal urea.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Kanamycin, amphomycin, and hydrocortisone ointment
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (EPIMERIC)


Amphomycin is a natural antibacterial lipopeptide initially reported by researchers at Bristol-Myers in 1953 from Streptomyces canus. Lipopeptides are cyclic depsipeptides with a peptidyl side chain capped with a saturated alkyl tail. They preferentially target Gram-positive bacteria and may be useful against drug resistant strains. Amphomycin is closely related to a number of "lost" antibiotics, such as aspartocin, crystallomycin, glumamycin, friulimicin, laspartocin, tsushimycin and zaomycin. Interest in amphomycin was re-awakened with the discovery of friulimicin activity against antibiotic resistant strains. Whole cell analysis by solid-state NMR indicates that in vivo mode of action for amphomycin is complex. While the downstream effect of purine biosynthesis inhibition by amphomycin is unknown, presumably it would directly alter the overall metabolism of bacteria.

Showing 171 - 180 of 291 results