Clorsulon is a compound belonging to the benzenesulphonamide family. It is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of liver fluke (monotherapy), gasrtointestinal and lung worms, lice, grubs and mites (in combination with ivermectin) in cattles. Clorsulon inhibits the enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathways of the common liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica), namely phosphoglycerate kinase and phosphoglyceromutase.

Epsiprantel is a veterinary drug which is used as an antiparasitic agent. Epsiprantel in tablets (Cestex) is indicated for the removal of tapeworms in the cat (Dipylidium caninumand Taenia taeniaeformis) and dog (Dipylidium caninum and Taenia pisiformis). Epsiprantel acts directly on the tapeworm. Since it is minimally absorbed following oral administration, epsiprantel remains at the site of action within the gastrointestinal tract. Due to digestive process, tapeworm fragments or proglottids may not be readily visible in the stool. Epsiprantel is not a cholinesterase inhibitor. During the course of clinical field studies, Cestex was administered concurrently with diethylcarbamazine citrate (dogs only), anti-inflammatory agents, insecticides, and nematocides with no drug incompatibilities noted. The mechanism of action of epsiprantel appears to be similar to that of praziquantel, a drug that disrupts the regulation of calcium and other cations. Tetanic muscle contraction and paralysis occurs in the parasite, and the tegument becomes vacuolized

Ceftiofur is an antibiotic of the cephalosporin type (third generation), licensed for use in veterinary medicine only. It was first described in 1987. It is marketed by pharmaceutical company Zoetis as Excenel, Naxcel, and Excede and is also the active ingredient in that company's Spectramast LC (lactating cow formulation) and Spectramast DC (dry cow formulation) product. Ceftiofur has worldwide approvals for respiratory disease in swine, ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) and horses and has also been approved for foot rot and metritis infections in cattle. Ceftiofur has also been approved in various countries for early mortality infections in day-old chicks and turkey poults. Ceftiofur (NAXCEL) is indicated for treatment of bovine respiratory disease (shipping fever, pneumonia) associated with Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni. NAXCEL is also indicated for treatment of acute bovine interdigital necrobacillosis (foot rot, pododermatitis) associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus.

Thiostrepton is a natural antibiotic produced by bacteria of Streptomyces genus. Thiostrepton has been used in veterinary medicine in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders. It is mostly used in complex ointments containing neomycin, nystatin, Thiostrepton and topical steroids. It is also active against gram-positive bacteria. It is notable that ointments for human usage contain neomycin, nystatin, and topical steroids, but no Thiostrepton. It can induce apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells. Thiostrepton was reported (in 2008) to exhibit activity against breast cancer cells through targeting the transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). It has also been shown to circumvent acquired cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells under in invitro conditions. Thiostrepton is used in molecular biology as a reagent for both positive and negative selection of genes involved in nucleotide metabolism. It is protein synthesis inhibitor.

Enrofloxacin was developed by Bayer for the treatment of broad spectrum of bacterial infections in animals (cats and dogs). The drug exerts its action by inhibiting DNA Topoisomerase II (Gyrase) and DNA Topoisomerase IV (Topo IV), two major bacterial topoisomerase. Enrofloxacin was shown to be metabolized to ciprofloxacin and may cross the blood brain barrier in the animals.

Trenbolone is an anabolic steroid. It is used on livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite. Trenbolone compounds have a binding affinity for the androgen receptor three times as high as that of testosterone. Once metabolized, the drugs have the effect of increasing nitrogen uptake by muscles, leading to an increase in the rate of protein synthesis. It also has the secondary effects of stimulating appetite, reducing the amount of fat being deposited in the body, and decreasing the rate of catabolism. Short-term side effects include insomnia, high blood pressure, increased aggression, night sweats, and libido.

As an aid in the prevention of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria adenoeides, E.gallopavonis, and E.meleagrimitis; for the prevention of bacterial infections caused by Pasteurella multocida (fowl cholera); for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. Ormetoprim potentiates the activity of sulfadimethoxine. The in vitro antibacterial spectrum and activity of the 2 compounds are very similar. Sulfonamides competitively inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from paraaminobenzoic acid. Conditions reported following use of sulfonamides or potentiated sulfonamides include polyarthritis, urticaria, facial swelling, fever, hemolytic anemia, polydypsia, polyuria, hepatitis, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and neurologic disorders. In rare instances, neurologic signs including behavioral changes, ataxia, seizures, aggression, and hyperexcitability have been reported. Keratitis sicca, possibly due to prolonged use of sulfonamides, has been reported.

Altrenogest (INN, USAN, BAN) (brand name Regumate), also known as allyltrenbolone, is a steroidal progestin that is widely used in veterinary medicine to suppress estrus in animals. Altrenogest is an orally active progestin developed for use in the horse. Altrenogest has been chemically modified by addition of a hydroxyl group and 3 carbon chain placed on carbon 17 of the progestin. Research has demonstrated that Altrenogest has low anabolic activity and is 20 times less potent than testosterone or similar progestins when compared for effects on muscle growth in castrated rats

Amitraz (development code BTS27419) is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide and has also been described as a scabicide. It was first synthesized by the Boots Co. in England in 1969. Amitraz is the only formamidine used as an ectoparasiticide. It appears to act by inhibition of the enzyme monoamine oxidase and as an agonist at octopamine receptors. Monoamine oxidase metabolizes amine neurotransmitters in ticks and mites, and octopamine is thought to modify tonic contractions in parasite muscles. Amitraz has a relatively wide safety margin in mammals; the most frequently associated adverse effect is sedation, which may be associated with an agonist activity of amitraz on α2-receptors in mammalian species. Amitraz is available as a spray or dip for use against mites, lice, and ticks in domestic livestock. It controls lice and mange in pigs and psoroptic mange in sheep. In cattle, it has been used in dips, sprays, or pour-ons for control of single-host and multihost tick species. In dipping baths, amitraz can be stabilized by the addition of calcium hydroxide and maintained by standard replenishment methods for routine tick control. An alternative method involves the use of total replenishment formulations in which the dip bath is replenished with full concentration of amitraz at weekly intervals before use. Amitraz is contraindicated in horses. Amitraz has antipyretic and antiinflammatory activity in vivo, and also has been shown to inhibit prostaglandin E2 synthesis(13). Decreased body temperature was observed in two of our cases. The basic approach to the patient with amitraz poisoning includes initial stabilization, treatment to reduce absorption and measures to improve elimination of the toxin. The medical management is essentially symptomatic and supportive. There is no specific antidote. Despite life-threatening symptomatology, all cases may recover completely. In this study we would like to emphasize that the incidence of poisoning with amitraz is increasing due to its widespread use in veterinary medicine. In order to minimize amitraz poisoning, public education should be given on primary prevention of poisoning and besides, producers should redesign containers as childproof packagers with warning labels

Oxibendazole is an anthelmintics drug which is used to protect against roundworms, strongyles, threadworms, pinworms and lungworm infestations in horses and other domestic pets. Oxibendazole causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site of tubulin, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules.