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Restrict the search for
angiotensin ii
to a specific field?
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (MIXED)
Conditions:
dl-α-tocopheryl phosphate has a growth acceleration effect on domestic fowl. Also was confirmed, that in all investigated animals dl-α-tocopheryl phosphate has an ability to being converted into vitamin E.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Aluminium silicate is a compound made from aluminum, oxygen and silicate that can take the form of a mineral as well as combine with water to make a clay. Aluminum silicate comes in three mineral forms: andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite, all of which have the chemical formula Al2SiO5 but have distinct crystal structures. When magnesium aluminum silicate is hydrated it becomes a clay known as kaolin, which is used for treating ailments such as diarrhea and to combat diaper rash as well as rashes from poison oak and poison ivy. When combined with magnesium and hydrated, the result is a clay mixture that sees common use in antacids as well as a thickener for cosmetics and other beauty products. It also appears as an inactive ingredient for deodorants. The kyanite form of aluminium silicate is used to create mullite for industrial use, and this compound is used by the ceramics industry as a refractory, as well as to manufacture electrical insulating materials and heating elements. Aluminium silicate (aluminum oxide silicate), under the brand name Adsorbin among others, is used as antidiarrheal agent and intestinal adsorbent. Kaolin (hydrated aluminum silicate) has traditionally been used internally to control diarrhea. Kaolin has also been used topically as an emollient and drying agent. Specifically, it has been used to dry oozing and weeping poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac rashes. It has also been used as a protectant for the temporary relief of anorectal itching and diaper rash.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Benzosulphinide U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Benzosulphinide U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Saccharin is the most established of the artificial sweeteners on the market, this mixture of dextrose and saccharin has been in use for over a century and is found in diet versions of soft drinks. It is 300-500 times sweeter than sugar and contains zero calories. In 1977, the FDA tried to ban its use after evidence showed it caused cancer in rats. Extensive lobbying by the diet food industry allowed products to stay on the shelves as long as they carried warnings about the cancer risks in animals. This warning was removed in 2001 when the Calorie Control Council insisted the link between animal and human cancers could not automatically be made. Consumption of saccharin-sweetened products can benefit diabetics as the substance goes directly through the human digestive system without being digested. While saccharin has no food energy, it can trigger the release of insulin in humans due to its sweet taste. The T1R2/R3 sweet taste receptor exist on the surface of pancreatic beta cells. Saccharin is a unique in that it inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) at submaximal and maximal glucose concentrations, with the other sweeteners having no effect. Investigation of saccharin’s dose-response characteristics showed that concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mM stimulated insulin secretion, while concentrations of 1 and 2.5 mM inhibited insulin secretion. Saccharin’s effect on insulin secretion was shown to be reversible in INS-1 832/13 clonal pancreatic beta cells after chronic exposure to 1 mM saccharin. Artificial sweeteners may affect insulin secretion via interaction with the sweet taste receptor, also saccharin may affect other cellular processes linked to insulin secretion, and that these effects are both time- and concentration-dependent
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Benzaldehyde U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Benzaldehyde is the simplest and possibly the most industrially useful member of the family of aromatic aldehydes. Benzaldehyde exists in nature, primarily in combined forms such as a glycoside in almond, apricot, cherry, and peach seeds. The characteristic benzaldehyde odor of oil of bitter almond occurs because of trace amounts of free benzaldehyde formed by hydrolysis of the glycoside amygdalin. Benzaldehyde is a versatile intermediate because of its reactive aldehyde hydrogen, its carbonyl group, and the benzene ring. Benzaldehyde is formed from phenylpyruvic acid, derived by the aminotransferase activity on phenylalanine, in the presence of high levels of Mn2+, and contributes to the generation of flavor compound during cheese ripening. Benzaldehyde is a synthetic flavoring substance, sanctioned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for foods. Benzaldehyde is also recognized as safe for use as a bee repellant in the harvesting of honey. Benzaldehyde's most important use is in organic synthesis, where it is the raw material utilized to produce various aldehydes. Because Benzaldehyde rapidly metabolizes to Benzoic Acid in the skin, the available dermal irritation and sensitization data demonstrating no adverse reactions to Benzoic Acid were considered supportive of the safety of Benzaldehyde.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Betanaphthol U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
BETANAPHTHOL (or 2-Naphthol) is used as a preservative. It is known, that this compound can cause dermatitis.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Merphenyl Acetate by Hamilton
(1937)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Phenylmercuric ammonium acetate is a fungicide and bactericide. It is used for the seed treatment.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Zinc Stearate U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Zinc stearate is a mild antiseptic and astringent, and it has been used as a local soothing application for inflammatory and irritating skin diseases. Zinc stearate is primarily used in pharmacuetical formulations as a lubricant in tablet and capsule manufacture at concentrations up to 1.5% w/w. It is a protective agent used in powders and ointments in the treatment of eczema, acne, and other skin diseases. GRAS - Zinc stearate complies with FDA Standard CFR 21 sections 177.2600, 182.8994 and 178.2010.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
STERILE UREA by HOSPIRA
(1976)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Pastaron (Urea) is a waste product of many living organisms, and is the major organic component of human urine. It is a very important starting material in a number of chemical syntheses, and is used on an industrial scale for the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and resins. Urea is an osmotic diuretic similar to mannitol but more irritant. Applied topically, urea promotes hydration of keratin and mild keratolysis in dry skin. It increases water uptake by the stratum corneum and has an antipruritic effect. Pastaron is used to soften rough or dry skin caused by skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, keratosis, and others.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
GALLOGEN
(1912)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1912
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Ellagic acid is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid, that found in numerous fruits and vegetables. Ellagic acid was first discovered by chemist Henri Braconnot in 1831. Ellagic acid is found in oaks species like the North American white oak (Quercus alba) and European red oak (Quercus robur). The highest levels of ellagic acid are found in walnuts, pecans, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, and grapes, as well as distilled beverages. It is also found in peach, and other plant foods. Ellagic acid has antiproliferative and antioxidant properties in a number of in vitro and small-animal models. The antiproliferative properties of ellagic acid may be due to its ability to directly inhibit the DNA binding of certain carcinogens, including nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As with other polyphenol antioxidants, ellagic acid has a chemoprotective effect in cellular models by reducing oxidative stress. Ellagic acid is an investigational drug studied for treatment of Follicular Lymphoma (phase 2 trial), protection from brain injury of intrauterine growth restricted babies (phase 1 and 2 trial), improvement of cardiovascular function in adolescents who are obese (phase 2 trial), and topical treatment of solar lentigines. Ellagic acid has been marketed as a dietary supplement with a range of claimed benefits against cancer, heart disease, and other medical problems. Ellagic acid has been identified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a "fake cancer 'cure' consumers should avoid".
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Chloretone by Parke-Davis
(1911)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1911
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Chlorobutanol, or trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol, is an analgesic and sedative hypnotic in man, and an experimental general anesthetic. It has antibacterial and antifungal properties. It is also used chemical preservative for parenteral drugs. It was found, that chlorobutanol inhibited mammalian Nav 1.2 channels at concentrations less than those used to preserve parenteral solutions. Its mechanism of inhibiting Na channels differs from that of local anesthetics in that it does not show use dependent or state dependent inhibition.
