Urea

US Previously Marketed

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	CH4N2O
Molecular Weight	60.0553
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

NC(N)=O

InChI

InChIKey=XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	CH4N2O
Molecular Weight	60.0553
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/environmental/html/urea_text.htm | https://www.ndrugs.com/?s=urea&t=actions | https://www.ndrugs.com/?s=pastaron%2010%25 | https://medinfo-sato.com/products/pastaron/interview/pastaron_20_201212.pdf

Pastaron (Urea) is a waste product of many living organisms, and is the major organic component of human urine. It is a very important starting material in a number of chemical syntheses, and is used on an industrial scale for the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and resins. Urea is an osmotic diuretic similar to mannitol but more irritant. Applied topically, urea promotes hydration of keratin and mild keratolysis in dry skin. It increases water uptake by the stratum corneum and has an antipruritic effect. Pastaron is used to soften rough or dry skin caused by skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, keratosis, and others.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
water homeostasis 3 Target ID: GO:0030104 Sources: https://www.ndrugs.com/?s=urea&t=actions	Modulator 846

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Ichthyosis 10 Sources: https://medinfo-sato.com/products/pastaron/document/pastaron_20_201406.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8583	UREAPHIL Approved Use Pastaron is used topically to treat hyperkeratotic conditions such as dry, rough skin, ichthyosis (rough, thick, and scaly skin), skin cracks and fissures, dermatitis (inflammation of skin), eczema, psoriasis, keratosis (rough, scaly patch on skin) and calluses (hard and thickened area on skin, especially hands or feet). Launch Date 1966
Eczema 46 Sources: https://medinfo-sato.com/products/pastaron/document/pastaron_20_201406.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8583	UREAPHIL Approved Use Pastaron is used topically to treat hyperkeratotic conditions such as dry, rough skin, ichthyosis (rough, thick, and scaly skin), skin cracks and fissures, dermatitis (inflammation of skin), eczema, psoriasis, keratosis (rough, scaly patch on skin) and calluses (hard and thickened area on skin, especially hands or feet). Launch Date 1966
Keratosis 3 Sources: https://medinfo-sato.com/products/pastaron/document/pastaron_10.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8583	UREAPHIL Approved Use Pastaron is used topically to treat hyperkeratotic conditions such as dry, rough skin, ichthyosis (rough, thick, and scaly skin), skin cracks and fissures, dermatitis (inflammation of skin), eczema, psoriasis, keratosis (rough, scaly patch on skin) and calluses (hard and thickened area on skin, especially hands or feet). Launch Date 1966

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Structural and kinetic analysis of drug resistant mutants of HIV-1 protease.	1999 Jul	10429209
Aromatic interactions in homeodomains contribute to the low quantum yield of a conserved, buried tryptophan.	2000 Jul 1	10813836
The complexity of simplicity.	2001	11182883
Characterization of nuclear factors binding to AT-rich element in the rat p53 promoter.	2001	11169742
The combination ace-inhibitors plus canreonate in patients with anterior myocardial infarction: safety and tolerability study.	2001 Feb	11182173
Renal replacement therapy and secondary hyperoxalemia in chronic renal failure.	2001 Feb	11169031
Protein-bound uremic solutes: the forgotten toxins.	2001 Feb	11169024
DNA damage of lymphocytes in experimental chronic renal failure: beneficial effects of losartan.	2001 Feb	11169013
Carbamoylation of amino acids and proteins in uremia.	2001 Feb	11168993
Role of nitric oxide in the synthesis of guanidinosuccinic acid, an activator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.	2001 Feb	11168991
Increased reduction of dimethylarginines and lowered interdialytic blood pressure by the use of biocompatible membranes.	2001 Feb	11168977
Urea-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition and macrophage proliferation.	2001 Feb	11168974
How to determine ionic dialysance for the online assessment of delivered dialysis dose.	2001 Feb	11168961
Changing hemodialysis thresholds for optimal survival.	2001 Feb	11168957
Structural stabilization of [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin from Halobacterium salinarum.	2001 Feb 6	11170454
Equilibrium unfolding of Bombyx mori glycyl-tRNA synthetase.	2001 Feb 9	11056158
N-(Hydroxyaminocarbonyl)phenylalanine: a novel class of inhibitor for carboxypeptidase A.	2001 Jan	11197339
Antipseudomonal antibiotics.	2001 Jan	11190351
Long-term correction of urea cycle disorders.	2001 Jan	11148551
The nutritional management of urea cycle disorders.	2001 Jan	11148548
Current strategies for the management of neonatal urea cycle disorders.	2001 Jan	11148547
Laboratory evaluation of urea cycle disorders.	2001 Jan	11148546
Proceedings of a consensus conference for the management of patients with urea cycle disorders.	2001 Jan	11148544
Consensus statement from a conference for the management of patients with urea cycle disorders.	2001 Jan	11148543
Ultrarapid mixing experiments reveal that Im7 folds via an on-pathway intermediate.	2001 Jan	11135674
Dietary soy protein effects on disease and IGF-I in male and female Han:SPRD-cy rats.	2001 Jan	11135057
Effect of center- versus patient-specific factors on variations in dialysis adequacy.	2001 Jan	11134263
Renal function and nutritional status at the start of chronic dialysis treatment.	2001 Jan	11134262
Urea signaling to ERK phosphorylation in renal medullary cells requires extracellular calcium but not calcium entry.	2001 Jan	11133526
Proteolytic degradation of ribonuclease A in the pretransition region of thermally and urea-induced unfolding.	2001 Jan	11121107
Regulatory role of arginase I and II in nitric oxide, polyamine, and proline syntheses in endothelial cells.	2001 Jan	11120661
Counteracting effects of renal solutes on amyloid fibril formation by immunoglobulin light chains.	2001 Jan 12	11050093
Mapping the energy surface for the folding reaction of the coiled-coil peptide GCN4-p1.	2001 Jan 23	11170389
The role of disulfide bridge in the folding and stability of the recombinant human prion protein.	2001 Jan 26	11069909
Mice with a deletion in the gene for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta have an attenuated response to cAMP and impaired carbohydrate metabolism.	2001 Jan 5	11024029
Evaluation of a novel vitamin E coated cellulosic membrane hollow fiber dialyzer.	2001 Jan-Feb	11199319
The impact of urea on viscosity of hydroxethyl cellulose and observed mobility of deoxyribonucleic acids.	2001 Mar	11169392
The metastable state of nucleocapsids of enveloped viruses as probed by high hydrostatic pressure.	2001 Mar 9	11092899
Cisplatin pharmacokinetics and its nephrotoxicity in diabetic rabbits.	2001 Mar-Apr	11173815

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Applied to the affected area one or several times a day.

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

Endometrial explants were cultured and treated with 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 mM of urea. Relative FGF2 gene expression was less in explants treated with a greater concentration of urea (16mM) when compared with lesser concentrations. Expression of HSPA1A, IGFBP3, and SERPINA14 genes was greater in explants exposed to lesser concentrations of urea (4mM). Greater concentrations of urea have negative effects on some endometrial gene expression, while moderate concentrations have positive effects.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:35:12 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:35:12 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	8W8T17847W
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

Urea	Locators: EP FCC HPUS HSDB II INCI MART. MI ORANGE BOOK USP USP-RS VANDF WHO-DD Naming Organization: INCI Sources:

Official Name

English

FLUOROURACIL IMPURITY G [EP IMPURITY]

Preferred Name

English

UREA [USP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

UREA [MART.]

Common Name

English

INS NO.927A

Code

English

CALMURID HC COMPONENT UREA

Common Name

English

UREA [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

U-CORT COMPONENT UREA

Common Name

English

AZODICARBOXYLIC ACID-DIAMIDE

Common Name

English

UREA [II]

Common Name

English

UREA [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

UREA [VANDF]

Common Name

English

AZOBISFORMAMIDE

Systematic Name

English

INS-927A

Code

English

UREA [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

CARMOL HC COMPONENT UREA

Common Name

English

ALLANTOIN IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

UREA [FCC]

Common Name

English

ALPHADERM COMPONENT UREA

Common Name

English

UREA [HSDB]

Common Name

English

E-927A

Code

English

UREA [MI]

Common Name

English

UREA [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

UREA [JAN]

Common Name

English

UREA [HPUS]

Common Name

English

NSC-34375

Code

English

Carbamide

Common Name

English

Urea [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

LOINC

39781-0