Fluorouracil

First approved in 1962

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C4H3FN2O2
Molecular Weight	130.0772
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O

InChI

InChIKey=GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C4H3FN2O2/c5-2-1-6-4(9)7-3(2)8/h1H,(H2,6,7,8,9)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C4H3FN2O2
Molecular Weight	130.0772
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00544http://home.intekom.com/pharm/bm_squib/uft.html
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://www.229877.com/article/2013/1127/article_33601.html

Tegafur (INN, BAN, USAN) is a chemotherapeutic fluorouracil prodrug used in the treatment of cancers. It is a component of the combination drugs tegafur/uracil and tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil. UFT is an anticancer medication composed of a fixed molar ration (1:4) of tegafur and uracil. This drug is commonly used in the treatment of head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, or uterine cervical cancer. In the body, tegafur is converted into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the active antineoplastic metabolite. The mechanism of cytotoxicity of 5-FU is thought to be derived from the fact that 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine-monophosphate (FdUMP), the active metabolite of 5-FU, competes with deoxyuridine-monophosphate (dUMP), thereby inhibiting thymidylate synthase and subsequently DNA synthesis. Another active metabolite of 5-FU, 5-fluorouridine-triphosphate (FUTP) is integrated into cellular RNA, inhibiting RNA function. Uracil, when combined with tegafur, enhances the antitumor activity of 5-FU due to higher 5-FU concentrations in the tumor tissue versus normal surrounding tissue compared with tegafur alone. Uracil inhibits degradation of the released 5-FU. The combination of these two drugs enhances the antitumor activity of Tegafur.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Thymidylate synthase 33 Target ID: CHEMBL1952 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00544	Inhibitor 8504
Thymidylate synthase 33 Target ID: CHEMBL1952 Sources: http://home.intekom.com/pharm/bm_squib/uft.html	Inhibitor 8504
Colon carcinoma cells 4 Target ID: CHEMBL614464 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27503679	Inhibitor 8504	29.5 µM [IC50]
PC-3 15 Target ID: CHEMBL390 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423198	Inhibitor 8504	16.0 nM [IC50]
AGS 4 Target ID: CHEMBL613860 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26821004	Inhibitor 8504	43.8 µM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Head and neck cancer 50 Sources: http://www.229877.com/article/2013/1127/article_33601.html	Primary	Approved 8583	UFT E combination granule T100 / T150 Approved Use in the treatment of head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, or uterine cervical cancer.
Digestive system neoplasms 4 Sources: http://www.229877.com/article/2013/1127/article_33601.html	Primary	Approved 8583	UFT E combination granule T100 / T150 Approved Use in the treatment of head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, or uterine cervical cancer.
Prostate cancer 186 Sources: http://www.229877.com/article/2013/1127/article_33601.html	Primary	Approved 8583	UFT E combination granule T100 / T150 Approved Use in the treatment of head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, or uterine cervical cancer.
Lung cancer 70 Sources: http://www.229877.com/article/2013/1127/article_33601.html	Primary	Approved 8583	UFT E combination granule T100 / T150 Approved Use in the treatment of head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, or uterine cervical cancer.
Breast cancer 432 Sources: http://www.229877.com/article/2013/1127/article_33601.html	Primary	Approved 8583	UFT E combination granule T100 / T150 Approved Use in the treatment of head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile-duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, or uterine cervical cancer.
Adenocarcinoma of the colon 4 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/012209s040lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	FLUOROURACIL Approved Use Fluorouracil is indicated for the treatment of patients with: Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum Adenocarcinoma of the Breast Gastric Adenocarcinoma Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Launch Date 1962
Gastric adenocarcinoma 12 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/012209s040lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	FLUOROURACIL Approved Use Fluorouracil is indicated for the treatment of patients with: Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum Adenocarcinoma of the Breast Gastric Adenocarcinoma Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Launch Date 1962
Breast adenocarcinoma 8 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/012209s040lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8583	FLUOROURACIL Approved Use Fluorouracil is indicated for the treatment of patients with: Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum Adenocarcinoma of the Breast Gastric Adenocarcinoma Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Launch Date 1962

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
2046.2 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31011915	80 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 80 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: GIMERACIL	GIMERACIL	TEGAFUR plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
11.49 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20985lbl.pdf	1 g 2 times / day steady-state, topical dose: 1 g route of administration: Topical experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:		FLUOROURACIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
278 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907286	50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		FLUOROURACIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
10786 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31011915	80 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 80 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: GIMERACIL	GIMERACIL	TEGAFUR plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
22.39 ng × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20985lbl.pdf	1 g 2 times / day steady-state, topical dose: 1 g route of administration: Topical experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:		FLUOROURACIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
205 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907286	50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		FLUOROURACIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
8.5 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31011915	80 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 80 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: GIMERACIL	GIMERACIL	TEGAFUR plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
0.24 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907286	50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		FLUOROURACIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
47.7% OTHER GOV https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/teysuno-epar-product-information_en.pdf			TEGAFUR serum	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
90% EXPERIMENT http://www.acutetox.eu/pdf_human_short/17-5-fluorouracil%20revised.pdf			FLUOROURACIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
3400 mg/m2 1 times / week multiple, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 3400 mg/m2, 1 times / week Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 3400 mg/m2, 1 times / week Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3373260	unhealthy, 54 years (range: 24-78 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 54 years (range: 24-78 years) Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3373260	DLT: Ataxia... Other AEs: Anorexia, Nausea... Dose limiting toxicities: Ataxia (grade 3, 4 patients) Other AEs: Anorexia (3 patients) Nausea (severe, 2 patients) Vomiting (2 patients) Stomatitis (severe, 1 patient) Diarrhea (3 patients) Weakness (1 patient) Hair loss (1 patient) Peeling (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3373260
2600 mg/m2 1 times / week multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 2600 mg/m2, 1 times / week Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 2600 mg/m2, 1 times / week Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3373260	unhealthy, 54 years (range: 24-78 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 54 years (range: 24-78 years) Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3373260	Other AEs: Ataxia, Anorexia... Other AEs: Ataxia (3 patients) Anorexia (4 patients) Nausea (severe, 2 patients) Vomiting (3 patients) Stomatitis (mild, 3 patients) Diarrhea (2 patients) Weakness (2 patients) Hair loss (2 patients) Loss of eyelashes (1 patient) Peeling (2 patients) Peeling (2 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3373260
2800 mg/m2 1 times / week multiple, intravenous Dose: 2800 mg/m2, 1 times / week Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 2800 mg/m2, 1 times / week Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8262730	unhealthy, 59 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 59 years Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8262730	DLT: Diarrhea... Dose limiting toxicities: Diarrhea (grade 3, 1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8262730
3000 mg/m2 1 times / week multiple, intravenous Dose: 3000 mg/m2, 1 times / week Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 3000 mg/m2, 1 times / week Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8262730	unhealthy, 59 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 59 years Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8262730	DLT: Diarrhea... Dose limiting toxicities: Diarrhea (grade 3-4, 2 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8262730
3250 mg/m2 1 times / week multiple, intravenous Dose: 3250 mg/m2, 1 times / week Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 3250 mg/m2, 1 times / week Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8262730	unhealthy, 59 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 59 years Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8262730	DLT: Diarrhea... Dose limiting toxicities: Diarrhea (grade 3-4, 2 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8262730
0.5 % 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20985lbl.pdf	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20985lbl.pdf	Disc. AE: Irritation skin... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Irritation skin (12%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20985lbl.pdf
1250 mg 1 times / 2 days multiple, oral Dose: 1250 mg, 1 times / 2 days Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1250 mg, 1 times / 2 days Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7302355	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7302355	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7302355
500 mg single, oral Dose: 500 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 500 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7463330	unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7463330	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7463330
5 % 2 times / day steady, topical Dose: 5 %, 2 times / day Route: topical Route: steady Dose: 5 %, 2 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00847912	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00847912	Other AEs: Anaemia, Angina unstable... Other AEs: Anaemia (serious, 2 patients) Angina unstable (serious, 5 patients) Arrhythmia (serious, 2 patients) Arteriosclerosis coronary artery (serious, 1 patient) Atrial flutter (serious, 3 patients) Atrial tachycardia (serious, 1 patient) Atrial thrombosis (serious, 1 patient) Cardiac disorder (serious, 1 patient) Cardiac failure congestive (serious, 7 patients) Cardio-respiratory arrest (serious, 2 patients) Coronary artery stenosis (serious, 1 patient) Myocardial ischaemia (serious, 1 patient) Palpitations (serious, 1 patient) Pericarditis (serious, 1 patient) Ventricular tachycardia (serious, 2 patients) Vertigo (serious, 1 patient) Vertigo positional (serious, 1 patient) Disorder vestibular (serious, 1 patient) Goitre (serious, 1 patient) Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (serious, 1 patient) Abdominal hernia (serious, 1 patient) Colitis ischaemic (serious, 1 patient) Gastritis (serious, 2 patients) Haemorrhoids (serious, 1 patient) Impaired gastric emptying (serious, 1 patient) Hernia inguinal (serious, 1 patient) Intestinal obstruction (serious, 2 patients) Obstruction gastric (serious, 1 patient) Oesophageal obstruction (serious, 1 patient) Pancreatitis (serious, 1 patient) Vomiting (serious, 1 patient) Adhesion (serious, 1 patient) Chest discomfort (serious, 1 patient) Generalised oedema (serious, 1 patient) Non-cardiac chest pain (serious, 3 patients) Cholelithiasis (serious, 2 patients) Hepatitis alcoholic (serious, 1 patient) Arthritis infective (serious, 1 patient) Bacteraemia (serious, 1 patient) Bronchopneumonia (serious, 1 patient) Cholecystitis infective (serious, 1 patient) Clostridium difficile infection (serious, 3 patients) Cystitis (serious, 1 patient) Endocarditis (serious, 1 patient) Incision site cellulitis (serious, 1 patient) Infection (serious, 2 patients) Septic shock (serious, 1 patient) Upper respiratory tract infection (serious, 1 patient) Urinary tract infection (serious, 6 patients) Viral infection (serious, 1 patient) Device toxicity (serious, 1 patient) Fall (serious, 11 patient) Hip fracture (serious, 2 patients) Intentional overdose (serious, 1 patient) Limb injury (serious, 1 patient) Lower limb fracture (serious, 1 patient) Meniscus injury (serious, 2 patients) Periprosthetic fracture (serious, 1 patient) Postoperative fever (serious, 1 patient) Procedural nausea (serious, 1 patient) Procedural pain (serious, 1 patient) Radiation oesophagitis (serious, 1 patient) Road traffic accident (serious, 2 patients) Traumatic haematoma (serious, 1 patient) Vascular bypass dysfunction (serious, 1 patient) Blood glucose increased (serious, 1 patient) Electrocardiogram abnormal (serious, 1 patient) Haemoglobin decreased (serious, 1 patient) International normalised ratio increased (serious, 2 patients) White blood cell count increased (serious, 1 patient) Dehydration (serious, 5 patients) Diabetes mellitus inadequate control (serious, 2 patients) Failure to thrive (serious, 3 patients) Hyperglycaemia (serious, 2 patients) Hyponatraemia (serious, 3 patients) Iron deficiency (serious, 1 patient) Arthralgia (serious, 3 patients) Bursa disorder (serious, 1 patient) Exostosis (serious, 1 patient) Muscular weakness (serious, 1 patient) Osteoarthritis (serious, 10 patients) Tendonitis (serious, 1 patient) Basal cell carcinoma (serious, 1 patient) Benign salivary gland neoplasm (serious, 1 patient) Brain neoplasm (serious, 2 patients) Colorectal cancer (serious, 1 patient) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma stage IV (serious, 1 patient) Haemangioma (serious, 1 patient) Lung neoplasm malignant (serious, 4 patients) Malignant melanoma (serious, 3 patients) Metastases to central nervous system (serious, 1 patient) Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (serious, 1 patient) Neuroendocrine carcinoma (serious, 1 patient) Prostate cancer (serious, 5 patients) Prostate cancer recurrent (serious, 1 patient) Renal cancer (serious, 2 patients) Renal cancer metastatic (serious, 1 patient) Renal cell carcinoma (serious, 1 patient) Salivary gland cancer (serious, 1 patient) Squamous cell carcinoma (serious, 2 patients) Basilar artery stenosis (serious, 1 patient) Cognitive disorder (serious, 1 patient) Dementia (serious, 4 patients) Epilepsy (serious, 1 patient) Headache (serious, 1 patient) Hypoaesthesia (serious, 1 patient) Parkinson's disease (serious, 2 patients) Haemorrhage subarachnoid (serious, 1 patient) Transient ischaemic attack (serious, 4 patients) Transient ischaemic attack (serious, 4 patients) Dementia vascular (serious, 1 patient) Alcohol abuse (serious, 2 patients) Binge drinking (serious, 1 patient) Completed suicide (serious, 1 patient) Confusional state (serious, 1 patient) Delirium tremens (serious, 1 patient) Depression (serious, 3 patients) Mental disorder (serious, 1 patient) Mental status changes (serious, 2 patients) Post-traumatic stress disorder (serious, 1 patient) Suicidal behaviour (serious, 1 patient) Suicidal ideation (serious, 3 patients) Hydronephrosis (serious, 2 patients) Nephropathy (serious, 1 patient) Renal failure chronic (serious, 1 patient) Erectile dysfunction (serious, 1 patient) Prostatic haemorrhage (serious, 1 patient) Prostatitis (serious, 1 patient) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (serious, 9 patients) Dyspnoea (serious, 2 patients) Dyspnoea exertional (serious, 1 patient) Haemoptysis (serious, 1 patient) Pleural effusion (serious, 1 patient) Pulmonary embolism (serious, 3 patients) Respiratory failure (serious, 1 patient) Rash (serious, 1 patient) Angioplasty (serious, 1 patient) Cholecystectomy (serious, 1 patient) Coronary angioplasty (serious, 1 patient) Elective procedure (serious, 1 patient) Hip arthroplasty (serious, 1 patient) Knee arthroplasty (serious, 1 patient) Medical device removal (serious, 1 patient) Oesophagogastric fundoplasty (serious, 1 patient) Parotidectomy (serious, 1 patient) Wound treatment (serious, 1 patient) Aortic aneurysm (serious, 2 patients) Aortic occlusion (serious, 1 patient) Arterial occlusive disease (serious, 1 patient) Femoral artery occlusion (serious, 1 patient) Labile hypertension (serious, 1 patient) Orthostatic hypotension (serious, 2 patients) Disorder peripheral vascular (serious, 1 patient) Lymphadenopathy (below serious, 1 patient) Vertigo (below serious, 1 patient) Adrenal mass (below serious, 1 patient) Eye haemorrhage (below serious, 1 patient) Eye irritation (below serious, 3 patients) Eye pain (below serious, 2 patients) Eye pruritus (below serious, 1 patient) Eye swelling (below serious, 4 patients) Photophobia (below serious, 1 patient) Visual acuity reduced (below serious, 1 patient) Abdominal pain upper (below serious, 2 patients) Cheilitis (below serious, 1 patient) Diarrhoea (below serious, 3 patients) Diverticulum (below serious, 1 patient) Dyspepsia (below serious, 1 patient) Gastrooesophageal reflux disease (below serious, 1 patient) Gingival pain (below serious, 1 patient) Nausea (below serious, 5 patients) Fatigue (below serious, 3 patients) Feeling of body temperature change (below serious, 1 patient) Hernia (below serious, 1 patient) Local swelling (below serious, 1 patient) Malaise (below serious, 1 patient) Pain (below serious, 11 patient) Syringe issue (below serious, 1 patient) Temperature intolerance (below serious, 1 patient) Tenderness (below serious, 2 patients) Vessel puncture site haematoma (below serious, 1 patient) Hypersensitivity (below serious, 1 patient) Seasonal allergy (below serious, 1 patient) Bronchitis (below serious, 4 patients) Cellulitis (below serious, 1 patient) Folliculitis (below serious, 1 patient) Fungal infection (below serious, 1 patient) Herpes zoster (below serious, 2 patients) Infection (below serious, 2 patients) Influenza (below serious, 1 patient) Nasopharyngitis (below serious, 5 patients) Oral herpes (below serious, 1 patient) Pneumonia (below serious, 2 patients) Accidental exposure to product (below serious, 1 patient) Arthropod sting (below serious, 1 patient) Fall (below serious, 5 patients) Laceration (below serious, 1 patient) Muscle rupture (below serious, 1 patient) Body temperature increased (below serious, 1 patient) Emergency care examination (below serious, 1 patient) Gout (below serious, 1 patient) Arthralgia (below serious, 1 patient) Back pain (below serious, 3 patients) Foot deformity (below serious, 1 patient) Musculoskeletal pain (below serious, 1 patient) Neck pain (below serious, 1 patient) Pain in extremity (below serious, 1 patient) Polymyalgia rheumatica (below serious, 1 patient) Basal cell carcinoma (below serious, 1 patient) Haemangioma (below serious, 1 patient) Transitional cell carcinoma (below serious, 1 patient) Burning sensation (below serious, 1 patient) Dizziness (below serious, 4 patients) Headache (below serious, 5 patients) Hypoaesthesia (below serious, 2 patients) Syncope (below serious, 1 patient) Tunnel vision (below serious, 1 patient) Abnormal dreams (below serious, 1 patient) Anxiety (below serious, 1 patient) Psychotic disorder (below serious, 1 patient) Sleep disorder (below serious, 22 patients) Dysuria (below serious, 1 patient) Haemorrhage urinary tract (below serious, 1 patient) Pollakiuria (below serious, 1 patient) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (below serious, 1 patient) Nasal congestion (below serious, 1 patient) Productive cough (below serious, 1 patient) Pulmonary mass (below serious, 1 patient) Rhinorrhoea (below serious, 1 patient) Sinus disorder (below serious, 1 patient) Acne (below serious, 5 patients) Blister (below serious, 2 patients) Blood blister (below serious, 1 patient) Decubitus ulcer (below serious, 1 patient) Dermatitis (below serious, 447 patients) Dermatitis allergic (below serious, 1 patient) Hyperhidrosis (below serious, 2 patients) Photosensitivity reaction (below serious, 5 patients) Post inflammatory pigmentation change (below serious, 1 patient) Scab (below serious, 1 patient) Seborrhoea (below serious, 1 patient) Dermatitis seborrhoeic (below serious, 2 patients) Skin discomfort (below serious, 1 patient) Skin haemorrhage (below serious, 3 patients) Skin tightness (below serious, 1 patient) Skin ulcer (below serious, 1 patient) Urticaria (below serious, 1 patient) Oral surgery (below serious, 1 patient) Wound drainage (below serious, 1 patient) Haemorrhage (below serious, 7 patients) Temporal arteritis (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00847912
111.6 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral RP2D Dose: 111.6 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 111.6 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8949982	unhealthy, 54 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 54 years Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8949982	Other AEs: Fatigue, Nausea... Other AEs: Fatigue (grade 1-2, 3 patients) Nausea (grade 1-2, 2 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8949982
248 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral RP2D Dose: 248 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 248 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8949982	unhealthy, 59 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 59 years Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8949982	Other AEs: Granulocytopenia, Nausea... Other AEs: Granulocytopenia (grade 4, 1 patient) Nausea (grade 3, 1 patient) Thrombocytopenia (grade 3, 1 patient) Vomiting (grade 1-2, 5 patients) Fatigue (grade 1-2, 4 patients) Diarrhoea (grade 1-2, 4 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8949982
139.5 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 139.5 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 139.5 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565	DLT: Diarrhea... Dose limiting toxicities: Diarrhea (grade 3-4, 3 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565
279 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 279 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 279 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565	DLT: Granulocytopenia... Dose limiting toxicities: Granulocytopenia (grade 4, 4 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565
124 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 124 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 124 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565	DLT: Diarrhea... Dose limiting toxicities: Diarrhea (grade 3-4, 3 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9348565

AEs

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inhibitor 2252 substrate 1946	inhibitor 2438 supressor 19 substrate 1193	inhibitor 2507 substrate 1388	inhibitor 2217

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP1A2 2153 CYP2C19 2057 CYP2C8 1057 CYP2E1 1060 CYP2A6 879 CYP1A1 132	CYP2A6 626 CYP1A1 389 CYP1A2 1197 CYP2B6 776 CYP2C8 810 CYP2C19 1119 CYP2E1 729	CYP2B6 669 CYP2C8 198 CYP3A4/5 133

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP2A6 911	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	no [IC50 3110 uM]
CYP1A1 272	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	no
CYP1A2 2333	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/297/3/1166 Page: -	no
CYP1A2 2333	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	no
CYP2C19 2141	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/297/3/1166 Page: -	no
CYP2C19 2141	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	no
CYP2C8 1117	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/297/3/1166 Page: -	no
CYP2C8 1117	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	no
CYP2C9 2497	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/297/3/1166 Page: -	no
CYP2C9 2497	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	no
CYP2D6 2546	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/297/3/1166 Page: -	no
CYP2D6 2546	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	no
CYP2E1 1146	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/297/3/1166 Page: -	no
CYP2E1 1146	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	no
CYP3A4 2633	inhibitor 4027 Sources: https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/297/3/1166 Page: -	no
CYP2B6 1160	inducer 1966 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	weak
CYP2C8 1117	inducer 1966 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	weak
CYP3A4/5 357	inducer 1966 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=18 Page: 18.0	weak
CYP2C9 2497	supressor 160 Sources: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_304.x Page: -	yes

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP2A6 626	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11106261/ Page: -	major
CYP2C9 1193	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11106261/ Page: -	major
CYP1A1 389	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11106261/ Page: -	minor
CYP1A2 1197	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11106261/ Page: -	minor
CYP2B6 776	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11106261/ Page: -	no
CYP2C19 1119	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11106261/ Page: -	no
CYP2D6 1388	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11106261/ Page: -	no
CYP3A4 1946	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11106261/ Page: -	no
CYP2C8 810	substrate 4014 Sources: https://europepmc.org/article/med/11095583 Page: -	yes
CYP2E1 729	substrate 4014 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11106261/ Page: -	yes

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 2263	inhibitor 2237 Sources: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/teysuno-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf#page=15 Page: -

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
001 Chemical	DY41650	https://www.001chemical.com/chem/51-21-8
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B3-000071	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=21959
AA Blocks	AA003MP2	http://www.aablocks.com/goods/Goods/detail?id=AA003MP2
abcr GmbH	AB116873	http://www.abcr.com/shop/en/AB116873
AbMole Bioscience	M2289	http://www.abmole.com/products/adrucil.html
Acadechem	ACDS-070009	http://www.acadechemical.com/product/144708
Aceschem	ACF015286	https://www.aceschem.com/catalog/51-21-8.html
Achemica	ACMC-1ATRK	http://www.achemica.com/prodinfo/?id=19165
Achemo Scientific Limited	AC-11423	http://www.achemo.com/search/?Keyword= 51-21-8
Achemtek	0104-011005	http://www.achemtek.com/51-21-8
Acorn PharmaTech	ACN-036606	http://www.acornpharmatech.com/
Acros Organics	AC228440010	https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/5-fluorouracil-99-acros-organics/AC228440010
Acros Organics	AC228440050	https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/5-fluorouracil-99-acros-organics/AC228440050
Acros Organics	AC228440250	https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/5-fluorouracil-99-acros-organics-2/AC228440250
Acros Organics	AC228441000	https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/5-fluorouracil-99-acros-organics-3/AC228441000
Adooq BioScience	A10042	https://www.adooq.com/fluorouracil-adrucil.html
Adooq BioScience	Fluorouracil - Adrucil	http://www.adooq.com/fluorouracil-adrucil.html
AEchem Scientific Corp., USA	AE1-017093	http://www.aechemsc.com/info_products/AE1-017093.php
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-00090	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-00090.html
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-13743	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-13743.html
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKSCI)	67526	http://www.aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=67526
Alfa Aesar	A13456	https://www.alfa.com/en/catalog/A13456/
Alfa Chemistry	AP51218	https://reagents.alfa-chemistry.com/product/5-fluorouracil-cas-51-21-8-12276.html
Alfa Chemistry	AP51218-A	https://reagents.alfa-chemistry.com/product/fluorouracil-cas-51-21-8-12279.html
Alichem	490004810	http://www.alichem.com/en/products/51-21-8.html
Allbio Pharm Co., Ltd	AD04457	http://www.allbiopharm.com/product/n/AD04457
Ambinter	Amb19132363	http://www.ambinter.com/reference/19132363
Ambinter	Amb19392163	http://www.ambinter.com/reference/19392163
Anward	ANW-31214	http://www.anward.com/pro_result/19403
ApexBio Technology	A4071	http://www.apexbt.com/fluorouracil-adrucil.html
Ark Pharm	AK-46307	http://www.arkpharminc.com/products/51-21-8.html
Aromalake	LS40596	http://www.aromalake.com/5-Fluorouracil-p3117.html
AstaTech, Inc.	28568	http://www.astatechinc.com/CPSResult.php?CRNO=942
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A00.150.701	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A00.150.701
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	K00.351.222	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=K00.351.222
Aurum Pharmatech LLC	W-5036	http://www.Aurumpharmatech.com/Product/ProductDetails/W_5036
AvaChem Scientific	6034	https://www.avachem.com/productSearch.asp?6034
BioChemPartner	BCP02083	http://www.biochempartner.com/51-21-8-BCP02083
BioCrick	BCC2135	http://www.biocrick.com/Fluorouracil-Adrucil-BCC2135.html
BioSynth	W-202929	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/chemical-intermediates/advanced-intermediates/products/W-202929.html
BLD Pharm	BD9397	http://www.bldpharm.com/products/51-21-8.html
BOC Sciences	68941-95-7	https://www.bocsci.com/5-fluorouracil-15n2-cas-68941-95-7-item-212668.html
Boerchem	BC227022	http://www.boerchem.com/?product_38260.html
BroadPharm	W-60379	https://www.broadpharm.com/web/product.php?catalog=W-60379
Calbiochem	343922	http://www.emdbiosciences.com/product/343922
Chem Scene	CS-0993	http://www.chemscene.com/51-21-8.html
Chemenu	CM110233	http://www.chemenu.com/products/CM110233
ChemFish Tokyo co.,ltd	3385	http://www.chemfish.co.jp/index.php?id=4571&project=product
ChemMol	1201418	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/1201418.html
ChemMol	30101108	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/30101108.html
ChemMol	42306771	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/42306771.html
ChemMol	44008012	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/44008012.html
ChemMol	49401699	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/49401699.html
Chemspace	CSSB00000198969	https://chem-space.com/CSSB00000198969
Clearsynth	CS-EB-00905	https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSEB00905.html
Clearsynth	CS-ER-00897	https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSER00897.html
Clearsynth	CS-R-00260	https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSR00260.html
Clearsynth	CS-T-54940	https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CST54940.html
CSNpharm	CSN19496	https://www.csnpharm.com/products/5-fluorouracil.html
DC Chemicals	DC8944	http://www.dcchemicals.com/product_show-5_Fluorouracil.html
Debye Scientific	DB-051923	http://www.debyesci.com/cas_51-21-8.html
Debye Scientific	DB-065735	http://www.debyesci.com/cas_191047-65-1.html
EMD Millipore	343922	http://www.emdbiosciences.com/product/343922
Enamine	Z275128052	https://www.enaminestore.com/catalog/Z275128052
eNovation Chemicals	D378290	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=D378290
eNovation Chemicals	K09113	http://www.enovationchem.com/productDetails.asp?productID=K09113
Finetech	FT-0601511	http://www.finetechnology-ind.com/prod/detail/pub/51-21-8.html
Finetech	FT-0668745	http://www.finetechnology-ind.com/prod/detail/pub/90344-84-6.html
Finetech	FT-0695666	http://www.finetechnology-ind.com/prod/detail/pub/766-63-2.html
Finetech	FT-0695667	http://www.finetechnology-ind.com/prod/detail/pub/23935-92-4.html
Finetech	FT-0707652	http://www.finetechnology-ind.com/prod/detail/pub/191047-65-1.html
FondChemical	FDB-2824	http://www.fondchemical.com/cpshow_cid_8_pid_2111.html
Glentham Life Sciences	GP6168	http://www.glentham.com/products/product/GP6168/
Hairui	HR126763	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/51-21-8.html
Lab Network	LN00115439	https://labnetwork.com/frontend-app/p/#!/moleculedetails/LN00115439
LGC Standards	LGCFOR0593.00	https://www.lgcstandards.com/US/en/p/LGCFOR0593.00
LGC Standards	MM0593.00-0250	https://www.lgcstandards.com/US/en/p/MM0593.00-0250
Matrix Scientific	5763	https://www.matrixscientific.com/005763.html
mcule	MCULE-6338086431	https://mcule.com/MCULE-6338086431/
MedChem Express	HY-90006	https://www.medchemexpress.com/5-Fluorouracil.html
Molcore	MC41650	https://www.molcore.com/product/51-21-8
MuseChem	I003837	https://www.musechem.com/product/I003837.html
MuseChem	M034650	https://www.musechem.com/product/M034650.html
MuseChem	M035002	https://www.musechem.com/product/M035002.html
MuseChem	M042762	https://www.musechem.com/product/M042762.html
Oakwood	3241	http://www.oakwoodchemical.com/ProductsList.aspx?CategoryID=-2&txtSearch=1295&ExtHyperLink=1
OChem	3062	http://www.ocheminc.com/index.php?act=psearch&pid=51F218
Parchem	28079	http://www.parchem.com/chemical-supplier-distributor/5-Fluorouracil-018079.aspx
Parchem	28989	http://www.parchem.com/chemical-supplier-distributor/Fluorouracil-018989.aspx
Parchem	28990	http://www.parchem.com/chemical-supplier-distributor/Fluorouracil-018990.aspx
Renno Tech	RP19888	http://www.rennotech.com/product_show.asp?id=25639
Selleck Chemicals	S1209	http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adrucil(Fluorouracil).html
Shanghai Send Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd	send36392	http://shsendpharm.com/
Sigma-Aldrich	03738_SIAL	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/03738?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sigma-Aldrich	04541_SIAL	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/04541?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sigma-Aldrich	1279000_USP	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/usp/1279000?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sigma-Aldrich	858471_ALDRICH	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/858471?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sigma-Aldrich	BP995_SIAL	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/bp995?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sinfoo Biotech	S054352	http://www.sinfoobiotech.com/product/1057750
Smolecule	S528186	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s528186
Smolecule	S748664	https://www.smolecule.com/products/s748664
TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry)	F0151	http://www.tcichemicals.com/eshop/en/us/commodity/F0151/index.html
THE BioTek	bt-268348	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-268348
Tocris	3257	https://www.tocris.com/products/5-fluorouracil_3257
TripleBond	CF0033	http://www.triplebond-canada.com/prod/657/
Vitas-M Laboratory	BBL009635	http://www.request.vitasmlab.biz/index.php?option=com_search_stk&Itemid=22&stk=BBL009635&?utm_source=pubchem&utm_medium=p_search_link&utm_campaign=pubchem_search&utm_content=pubchem_slink
VladaChem	VL142454	https://www.vladachem.com/product.php?products=51-21-8
VladaChem	VL163075	https://www.vladachem.com/product.php?products=51-21-8
VladaChem	VL265757-100G	https://www.vladachem.com/product.php?products=51-21-8
Yuhao Chemical	RT16644	http://www.chemyuhao.com/51-21-8.html

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Studies of antitumor agents. 1. Resolution of racemic 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-k-fluorouracil into the R and S isomers and examination of the biological activities of the isomers.	1977 Dec	338900
[Experience of a combination chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU, MMC, and FT-207--side effects against kidney].	1983 Sep	6412636
[A case of variant angina induced by 5-fluorouracil and Tegafur].	1988 Nov	3150118
[Macrocytic anemia as a possible adverse effect of fluoropyrimidines].	1990 Aug	2117887
5-Fluorouracil-induced Raynaud's phenomenon.	1998 Nov	10023329
Leukoencephalopathy induced by chemotherapy with tegafur, a 5-fluorouracil derivative.	1998 Nov	9829818
Suppression of replication of multidrug-resistant HIV type 1 variants by combinations of thymidylate synthase inhibitors with zidovudine or stavudine.	1999 Mar	10051538
Combined chemotherapy of murine mammary tumors by local activation of the prodrugs ifosfamide and 5-fluorocytosine.	2000 Apr	10811482
Transient splenic accumulation of Tc-99m HMDP caused by megaloblastic anemia.	2000 Dec	11129139
Adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in premenopausal women with axillary lymph node positive breast carcinoma.	2000 Dec 15	11135211
Phase II study of combined 5-fluorouracil/ Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE 761 ONC) therapy in 5-fluorouracil pretreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer.	2001 Feb	11180520
Phase Ib trial of intravenous recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer: pharmacologic and long-term safety data.	2001 Feb 1	11157039
Prognostic and predictive significance of ErbB-2 breast tumor levels measured by enzyme immunoassay.	2001 Feb 1	11157014
Long-term results of combined-modality therapy for locally advanced breast cancer with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience.	2001 Feb 1	11157012
Multicenter phase I-II trial of docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil induction chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck.	2001 Feb 15	11181674
Dose-intensive epirubicin-based chemotherapy is superior to an intensive intravenous cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil regimen in metastatic breast cancer: a randomized multinational study.	2001 Feb 15	11181656
Tamoxifen and chemotherapy for axillary node-negative, estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-23.	2001 Feb 15	11181655
Crystal structure of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, a major determinant of the pharmacokinetics of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil.	2001 Feb 15	11179210
Study of multi-drug resistant mechanisms in a taxol-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma QGY-TR 50 cell line.	2001 Feb 9	11162660
Intraoperative radiation therapy for locally advanced recurrent rectal or rectosigmoid cancer.	2001 Jan	11165686
Value and cost of follow-up after adjuvant treatment of patients with Dukes' C colonic cancer.	2001 Jan	11136320
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and carcinoma of the hypopharynx.	2001 Jan	11136192
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of pig liver dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase.	2001 Jan	11134942
Toward a biologically based dose-response model for developmental toxicity of 5-fluorouracil in the rat: a mathematical construct.	2001 Jan	11134543
Toward a biologically based dose-response model for developmental toxicity of 5-fluorouracil in the rat: acquisition of experimental data.	2001 Jan	11134542
Oral glutamine in the prevention of fluorouracil induced intestinal toxicity: a double blind, placebo controlled, randomised trial.	2001 Jan	11115819
Effective pelvic symptom control using initial chemoradiation without colostomy in metastatic rectal cancer.	2001 Jan 1	11163503
Reduced cellular transport and activation of fluoropyrimidine nucleosides and resistance in human lymphocytic cell lines selected for arabinosylcytosine resistance.	2001 Jan 1	11137707
Hydroxylamine-containing inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis and impairment of colon cancer cell growth.	2001 Jan 15	11163334
Enzyme-catalyzed therapeutic agent (ECTA) design: activation of the antitumor ECTA compound NB1011 by thymidylate synthase.	2001 Jan 15	11163332
Monohydroxylation and esterification as determinants of the effects of cis- and trans-9-octadecenoic acids on the permeation of hydrocortisone and 5-fluorouracil across hairless mouse skin in vitro.	2001 Jan 16	11165072
The changing face of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.	2001 Jan 5	11139304
Antioxidants enhance the susceptibility of colon carcinoma cells to 5-fluorouracil by augmenting the induction of the bax protein.	2001 Mar 10	11166918
Uracil salvage pathway in PC12 cells.	2001 Nov 15	11078957
[Thymidylate synthase gene promoter polymorphism in patients with advanced head and neck cancer treated by radio- and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy].	2006	16617381
Time-related improvement of survival in resectable gastric cancer: the role of Japanese-style gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy.	2006 Aug 11	16904003
An open, multi-centre, phase II clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel, UFT, and leucovorin in patients with advanced gastric cancer.	2006 Jul 17	16804524
An individual patient data meta-analysis of adjuvant therapy with uracil-tegafur (UFT) in patients with curatively resected rectal cancer.	2007 Apr 23	17375049
Phase II study of UFT with leucovorin and irinotecan (TEGAFIRI): first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.	2007 Aug 6	17637682
A phase I/II study of irinotecan when added to 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin and pelvic radiation in locally advanced rectal cancer: a Colorectal Clinical Oncology Group Study.	2007 Feb 26	17262086
5-Fluorouracil incorporated into the tissue RNA of human and rat bladder carcinoma after administration of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil combined with uracil.	2008 Apr	18463958
The CYP2A6*4 allele is determinant of S-1 pharmacokinetics in Japanese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.	2008 Apr	18212800
Novel prodrugs of tegafur that display improved anticancer activity and antiangiogenic properties.	2008 Jan 24	18163551
Two dosages of oral fluoropyrimidine S-1 of 35 and 40 mg/m2 bid: comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles in Korean patients with advanced gastric cancer.	2010 Jan	19880858
Formulation and physicochemical characterization of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles loaded with ftorafur and diclofenac sodium.	2010 Jan 1	19740632
[Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency and toxicity to fluoropyrimidine].	2010 Jan-Feb	20146975
A phase 2 study of a fixed combination of uracil and ftorafur and leucovorin given orally in a twice-daily regimen to treat patients with recurrent metastatic breast cancer.	2010 May 15	20225231
Adenoviral delivery of pan-caspase inhibitor p35 enhances bystander killing by P450 gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy using cyclophosphamide+.	2010 Sep 13	20836875
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.	2011 Jul 14	21599003
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model for testing proteratogens.	2011 Mar 15	21237239

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Recommended Dosage for Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum: The recommended dose of fluorouracil, administered in an infusional regimen in combination with leucovorin alone, or in combination with leucovorin and oxaliplatin or irinotecan, is 400 mg/m2 by intravenous bolus on Day 1, followed by 2400 mg/m2 to 3000 mg/m2 intravenously as a continuous infusion over 46 hours every two weeks. The recommended dose of fluorouracil, if administered in a bolus dosing regimen in combination with leucovorin, is 500 mg/m2 by intravenous bolus on Days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36 in 8-week cycles.

Route of Administration: Intravenous

In Vitro Use Guide

Fluorouracil treatment (0.4uM) inhibited LXA4 secretion in colorectal cancer RKO cells

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:48:23 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 17:48:23 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	U3P01618RT
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

Fluorouracil

Official Name

English

5-Fluorouracil

Preferred Name

English

2,4(1H,3H)-PYRIMIDINEDIONE, 5-FLUORO-

Systematic Name

English

ADRUCIL

Brand Name

English

FLUOROURACILUM [WHO-IP LATIN]

Common Name

English

5-FU

Code

English

PHTHORURACIL

Common Name

English

5-FLUOROURACIL [IARC]

Common Name

English

FLUCYTOSINE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

EMTRICITABINE IMPURITY F [WHO-IP]

Common Name

English

QUEROPLEX

Common Name

English

Fluorouracil [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

EFUDEX

Brand Name

English

5-FLUOROPYRIMIDIN-2,4(1H,3H)-DIONE [WHO-IP]

Systematic Name

English

5-FLUORURACIL

Common Name

English

FLUOROURACIL [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

FLUOROURACIL [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

5 FU

Code

English

CARAC

Brand Name

English

TOLAK

Systematic Name

English

RO-29757

Code

English

FLUOROURICIL

Common Name

English

FLUOROURACIL [MI]

Common Name

English

RO-2-9757

Code

English

FLUOROURACIL [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

Folfox component fluorouracil

Common Name

English

FLUOROURACIL [VANDF]

Common Name

English

5 FLUOROURACIL

Systematic Name

English

FLUOROURACIL [USAN]

Common Name

English

FLUCYTOSINE IMPURITY A [WHO-IP]

Common Name

English

FLUOROURACIL [WHO-IP]

Common Name

English

FLUOROURACIL [JAN]

Common Name

English

NSC-19893

Code

English

RO 2-9757

Code

English

FLUOROURACIL [HSDB]

Common Name

English

5-FLUOROURACIL [WHO-IP]

Common Name

English

FLUOROURACIL [MART.]

Common Name

English

5-FLUORO-URACIL

Systematic Name

English

FLUOROURACIL [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

fluorouracil [INN]

Common Name

English

FLUOROPLEX

Brand Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

LIVERTOX

NBK548781