Desonide is a topical glucocorticoid which was approved by FDA for the treatment of such conditions as eczema, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, etc. The exact mechanism of drug action is unknown.

Clioquinol is a broad-spectrum antibacterial with antifungal properties, bacteriostatic. It is used as an antifungal and antiprotozoal topical drug OTC product for treatment of human infections. Previousely was used for wide number of intestinal disorders including lambliasis, shigellosis, balantidiral dysentery and some forms of diarrheas. The physiologic effect of clioquinol is by increased histamine release and cell-mediated immunity. It is a member of a family hydroxyquinolines which inhibit certain enzymes related to DNA replication. It is a copper, iron and zink chelating agent. It is an organic molecule with a quinolinic acid as its apparent core which itself is a neurotransmitter. In large doses it possesses neurotoxicity and may induce neurological disease such as subacute myelo-optic neuropathy by creating copper deficiency that leads to zink excess. SMON (Sub-Acute-Myelo-Optical-Neuropathy) - a polio-like disease began as an epidemic in 1959 in Japan was believed to be a Clioquinol caused. Clioquinol is a standardized chemical allergen. It has been resurrected as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease since it perturbs metallo-chemistry of amyloid and clioquinol treatment has been shown to be beneficial in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Nickel (II) oxide is an olive gray powder, insoluble in water and soluble in acids. It is produced industrially and used mainly as an intermediate in the production of nickel alloys and as a hydrogenation catalyst. Long-term inhalation of NiO is damaging to the lungs, causing lesions and in some cases cancer.

Sodium 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (sodium MBT) is utilized as a corrosion inhibitor and fungicide. By analogy to MBT, sodium MBT is identified as a skin sensitizer. Sodium 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is also used to make rubber accelerators, as a preservative for latex paint and wood, a metal chelator, and a thermal stabilizer (methyl methacrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile polymers, polyester fibers, anion exchange resins, polyoxyphenylene, and silicon fluids), also used in electroplating (silver, nickel, and cobalt), to separate sulfide ore from copper ore, for dyeing textiles, in transmission fluids, and to prevent discoloration of freeze dried bananas; uses of 50% aqueous solution include as a corrosion inhibitor for nonferrous metals in antifreeze and coolants and in paper mill systems; used as a biocide in metalworking fluids and paper manufacturing.

Pastaron (Urea) is a waste product of many living organisms, and is the major organic component of human urine. It is a very important starting material in a number of chemical syntheses, and is used on an industrial scale for the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and resins. Urea is an osmotic diuretic similar to mannitol but more irritant. Applied topically, urea promotes hydration of keratin and mild keratolysis in dry skin. It increases water uptake by the stratum corneum and has an antipruritic effect. Pastaron is used to soften rough or dry skin caused by skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, keratosis, and others.

Fulvic acid is primarily studied for its effects on plants and soil. Fulvic acid is an organic and natural electrolyte. Depending on the situation, Fulvic acid can act as an electron donor or acceptor and an oxidizer or reducer. Fulvic acid has exhibited the ability to enhance the availability and adsorption of nutrients as well as prolong their time of residence. In the chick animal model Fulvic acid disturbed the processing of procollagen II in articular cartilage. Fulvic acid has being shown to attenuate homocysteine-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human monocytes. Fulvic acid, the main active principle of Shilajit (a natural substance found mainly in the Himalayas), blocks tau self-aggregation, opening an avenue toward the study of Alzheimer's therapy. People take fulvic acid by mouth for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, as well as respiratory tract infections, cancer, fatigue, heavy metal toxicity, and preventing a condition in which the body tissues do not receive enough oxygen (hypoxia).

Riboflavin butyrate (a vitamin B2 derivative used widely in Japan) is often an ingredient of multivitamin complexes, used for relief of following symptoms: stomatitis, glossitis, perleche, cheilitis, rough skin, acne, dermatitis, eczema, rash, sores. It is a supply of Vitamins B2 and B6 in the following situations: physical fatigue, pregnancy/lactation, decline of physical strength during or after illness.

Pyroglutamic acid (also known as PCA, 5-oxoproline, pidolic acid, or pyroglutamate for its basic form) exists as two distinct enantiomers: (2R) or D and (2S) or L. L-form is a metabolite in the glutathione cycle that is converted to glutamate by 5-oxoprolinase. L-Pyroglutamic acid is produced in the skin through the arginine-citrulline-ornitine-glutamic pathway. The free acid is not hygroscopic; however, the sodium salts of this acid are more hygroscopic than glycerine. Therefore, formulation of this acid is suggested as a defense against dehydration, for skin conditions involving desquamation. Hydromol Cream (main component of that is sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate (L form)) is a soft cream which moisturises the skin. Hydromol Cream contains a naturally occurring moisturising agent as well as oils, which prevent moisture loss from the skin. This helps to relieve itch, lubricate and soften the skin. Hydromol Cream is used to treat any condition in which dry skin is a feature such as eczema, ichthyosis (hereditary dry skin) and senile pruritus (itching that may occur in old age). L-Pyroglutamic acid is present in living cells has been reported from archaebacteria to humans, and its occurrence in living cells has been known for over a century. Despite its almost ubiquitous presence, the role of pyroglutamic acid in living cells is poorly understood. Pyroglutamic acid is found as an N-terminal modification in many neuronal peptides and hormones that also include the accumulating peptides in Alzheimer’s disease and familial dementia. The modification is also observed in proteins that include many antibodies, some enzymes and structural proteins.

Octyldodecanol is a long chain fatty alcohol. It is a medium spreading emollient which is due to its chemical structure hydrolysis stable and therefore beneficially suitable for all formulations where a wide pH range is needed e.g. deo/antiperspirant and hair remover formulations. It is an emulsifier and opacifying agent, used primarily as a thickener in moisturizers because of its lubricating and emollient properties in the formulation of skin care products. Octyldodecanol is approved by ECOCERT for Natural and Organic Cosmetics.

Bufexamac is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) used in topical formulations to treat dermatological diseases (eczema and dermatitis) and proctological conditions (haemorrhoids and anal fissure). Bufexamac-containing medicines have been available in EU Member States since the 1970s. In 2010 European Medicines Agency recommends revocation of marketing authorisations for bufexamac due to high risk of contact allergies. The phenolic bufexamac decomposition products could be the reason for its eczema-provoking properties frequently described in the literature. Bufexamac is a class IIb histone deacetylase (HDAC6, HDAC10) inhibitor. Bufexamac also triggered an HDAC6-independent, hypoxia-like response by stabilizing Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, providing a possible mechanistic explanation of its adverse, pro-inflammatory effects. Bufexamac was capable of specifically inhibiting leukotriene A4 hydrolase and attenuating lung inflammation in acute lung injury mouse model.