Timiperone is a neuroleptic agent that was developed in Japan. Timiperone has a potent antipsychotic activity, which is comparable to other butyrophenones such as haloperidol (HAL). Timiperone has a five-eight-times higher affinity to dopamine receptors and a 15-times higher affinity to serotonin receptors than those of HAL. Clinical trials have suggested that TIM has a specific action against negative symptoms such as lack of initiative or blunted affect as well as positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenics.

Gallopamil is a L-type calcium channel blocker designed for the treatment of coronary heart diseases: angina pectoris, prinzmetal angina and hypertonia.

Metizoline is an adrenergic agent with vasoconstrictor properties. It has been used as the active component of nasal decongestant spray (Ellsyl).

Deptropine citrate is a well-known H1-histamine receptor antagonist and muscarinic receptor antagonist. It is prescribed frequently for treatment of asthma, although there has been a sharp decrease in prescriptions since 1994. Deptropine is gradually being replaced by inhaled beta 2 adrenergic agonists and glucocorticosteroids as the preferred clinical prescription. Recently deptropine has garnered interest as a potential treatment for breast cancer. In vitro studies have shown deptropine citrate has inhibitory effects on cell viability and mammosphere formation in Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs). However, it does not seem to inhibit the self-renewal capacity of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 when it is enriched with Cancer Stem Cells.

THALLOUS OXIDE (Thallium (1) Oxide) has been used in the manufacturing of glass of a high coefficient of refraction for optical purposes (thallium flint glass) and for artificial gems. Thallium oxide is black in color and is the inorganic compound of Thallium and Oxygen. THALLOUS OXIDE compounds are typically insoluble in aqueous solutions (water) and extremely stable making them useful in ceramic structures as simple as producing clay bowls to advanced electronics (e.g. tablets) and in light weight structural components in aerospace and electrochemical applications such as fuel cells. THALLOUS OXIDE is toxic by ingestion. It has previously been used as rat poison and ant killer, but its use is prohibited since 1972.

Bopindolol (4-[benzoyloxy-3-tertbutylaminopropoxy]-2-methylindole hydrogen malonate) is an indole beta-adrenoceptor antagonist bearing a benzoyl ester residue on the beta-carbon atom of the propanolamine side chain. Bopindolol is metabolized by esterase to benzoic acid and an active metabolite, 18-502 [4-(3-t-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-methyl indole], which is further metabolized to 20-785 [4-(3-t-butylaminopropoxy)-2-carboxyl indole]. Bopindolol produces sustained blockade of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors, has intrinsic sympathomimetic as well as membrane stabilizing actions, inhibits renin secretion, and interacts with 5-HT receptors. Bopindolol is used in the treatment of hypertension. In limited trials bopindolol has also successfully reduced symptoms in patients with angina pectoris, anxiety and essential tremor.

Most of the kidney stones are composed of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, which enter into the body through diet. Both sources of oxalates become dangerous when normal flora of gastrointestinal tract is disturbed. Several genetic disorders inducing hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria were found to be associated with the formation of calcium oxalate stones. Calcium oxalate stones are caused by too much oxalate in the urine. Oxalobacter and Lactobacillus species exist symbiotically in the human gut and prevent stone formation by altering some biochemical pathways through the production of specific enzymes that help in the degradation of oxalate salts. Unfortunately, modern medical practice influences on O. formigenes colonization and the amount of these bacterias progressively come down and as a result the rising incidence of kidney stones. Recent experiments have shown the efficacy of the two medicinal and aromatic plants: Ammi visnaga and Punica granatum against the crystallization of calcium oxalate. The prevention and treatment of urinary lithiasis by plants remains an alternative for medical methods.

Medifoxamine, an antidepressive drug, preferentially inhibits dopamine reuptake. It was marketed in France, but because of the hepatotoxicity, then was withdrawn.

Gusperimus is an antibiotic, isolated from cultures of the soil commensal Bacillus laterosporus. It possess immunosuppressive properties and exerts its effect through binding to heat shock proteins Hsp90 and Hsc70. Although initially, the drug was being investigated for the treatment of cancer, it recieved orphan designation for the treatment of refractory Wegener’s granulomatosis.

Potassium Trihydrogen Dioxalate is a Potassium salt used in photography, marble grinding, and in metal polishing. Potassium Trihydrogen Dioxalate is strongly irritating to eyes, mucous and gastrointestinal tract. Potassium Trihydrogen Dioxalate may cause cardiac failure and death after oral administration