PHENOPERIDINE is an opioid analgesic partly metabolized to meperidine in the liver. It is derived from pethidine by replacing the N methyl by a phenyl propanol chain. It is reputed to be a typical morphine-like analgesic characterized by its high potency, rapid onset of action, the intensity of its peak effect and the short duration of its pharmacological effects. It is used in general anesthesia.

Antiinflamatory agent, analgesic, antipyretic, COX inhibitor. Approved in France in 1975, withdrawn in 1976 because of the neuropsychiatric reactions

Lumiracoxib is a COX-2 selective inhibitor non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. On August 11, 2007, Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA, the Australian equivalent of the FDA) cancelled the registration of lumiracoxib in Australia due to concerns that it may cause liver failure. New Zealand and Canada have also followed suit in recalling the drug. It has never been approved for use in the United States. Lumiracoxib has a different structure from the standard COX-2 inhibitors (e.g. celecoxib). It more closely resembles the structure of diclofenac (one chlorine substituted by fluorine, the phenylacetic acid has another methyl group in meta position), making it a member of the arylalkanoic acid family of NSAIDs. It binds to a different site on the COX-2 receptor than the standard COX-2 inhibitors. It displays extremely high COX-2 selectivity. The mechanism of action of lumiracoxib is due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via inhibition of cyclooygenase-2 (COX-2). Lumiracoxib does not inhibit COX-1 at therapeutic concentrations. Lumiracoxib is used for the acute and chronic treatment of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee in adults.

Alfadolone or alphadolone is an oral neurosteroid, which can be useful as an analgesic.

Clotiazepam is a compound of the benzodiazepine class. The drug was developed in Japan and approved for the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and before anesthesia. Clotiazepam was marketed worlwide under different names, however, currently it is available only in South America under the name Neuroval and presumably in Japan. Clotiazepam exerts its action by binding and activating GABA-A receptors.

Levorphanol Sulfate (brand name Levo-Dromoran) is an opioid medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is one of two enantiomers of the compound racemorphan and was first described in Germany in 1948 and approved for use in the United States in 1953 as an orally active, morphine-like analgesic. Levorphanol is approved for use in moderate to severe pain where an opioid analgesic is appropriate. Levorphanol has a wide range of activities including mu-opioid agonism, delta agonism, kappa1 and kappa3 receptor agonism, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism and reuptake inhibition of both norepinephrine and serotonin. This multimodal profile might prove effective for pain syndromes that are refractory to other opioid analgesics, such as central and neuropathic pain and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Levorphanol is well suited as a first-line opioid and can also be used during opioid rotation. It has no known effect on the cardiac QT interval or drug-drug interactions involving hepatic cytochrome P450s enzymes. In these regards, levorphanol may offer a superior safety profile over methadone and other long-acting opioids. Despite its prospective value of multiple mechanisms of action and the potential for treating various types of pain, levorphanol use has been largely supplanted by other recently approved opioids. Its waning use over the years has caused it to be referred to as the “Forgotten Opioid” and resulted in what some consider its underutilization. In fact, levorphanol is relatively unfamiliar to most prescribers.

The topical anesthesic action of DIETHYLAMINOETHYL DIPHENYLHYDROXYPROPIONATE to rabbit cornea was assumed to be almost the same as lidocaine, DIETHYLAMINOETHYL DIPHENYLHYDROXYPROPIONATE showed a transitory hypotensive action on the blood presesure of a dog.

Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), a pentacyclic triterpene, is a component of gum resin of Boswellia serrata. It inhibits 5-lipoxygenase in a selective, enzyme directed, non-redox, and noncompetitive manner. In addition, AKBA inhibited topoisomerase I. It induces apoptosis and exerts antineoplastic properties. 5-LOXIN, a dietary supplement ingredient (Boswellia serrata extract enriched with 30% 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid) is effective in reducing pain and improving physical functioning in osteoarthritis patients.

Lappaconitine is an alkaloid isolated from the root of Aconltitum sinomantanum Nakai. It has a strong analgesic activity that does not involve the opioid receptor. It was shown to have class-I antiarrhythmic action and irreversibly blocks cloned human heart (hH1) channels by binding to the site 2 receptor.

Dihydromorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from morphine. dihydromorphine is a moderately strong analgesic and is used clinically in the treatment of pain and is also the active metabolite of dihydrocodeine. Dihydromorphine acts as an agonist at the μ-opioid (mu), δ-opioid (delta) and κ-opioid (kappa) receptors. Dihydromorphone is approved for clinical use in the United States, Europe, and Japan; and sold under the brand name Dilaudid. Similar to morphine, and other morphine derivatives, hydromorphone has a high potential for addiction and abuse and is listed as a Schedule II drug in the United States Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (and similarly regulated in other countries).