Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C17H23NO.H2O4S |
Molecular Weight | 355.449 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 3 / 3 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
OS(O)(=O)=O.[H][C@@]12CC3=C(C=C(O)C=C3)[C@]4(CCCC[C@@]14[H])CCN2C
InChI
InChIKey=AWSHMQGEXAEMGM-DYWKTHLTSA-N
InChI=1S/C17H23NO.H2O4S/c1-18-9-8-17-7-3-2-4-14(17)16(18)10-12-5-6-13(19)11-15(12)17;1-5(2,3)4/h5-6,11,14,16,19H,2-4,7-10H2,1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)/t14-,16+,17+;/m0./s1
DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635068Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=b2ab70e4-ca0c-4a73-9c98-974bf94e890c&type=display | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12502358 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15055988
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635068
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=b2ab70e4-ca0c-4a73-9c98-974bf94e890c&type=display | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12502358 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15055988
Levorphanol Sulfate (brand name Levo-Dromoran) is an opioid medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is one of two enantiomers of the compound racemorphan and was first described in Germany in 1948 and approved for use in the United States in 1953 as an orally active, morphine-like analgesic. Levorphanol is approved for use in moderate to severe pain where an opioid analgesic is appropriate. Levorphanol has a wide range of activities including mu-opioid agonism, delta agonism, kappa1 and kappa3 receptor agonism, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism and reuptake inhibition of both norepinephrine and serotonin. This multimodal profile might prove effective for pain syndromes that are refractory to other opioid analgesics, such as central and neuropathic pain and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Levorphanol is well suited as a first-line opioid and can also be used during opioid rotation. It has no known effect on the cardiac QT interval or drug-drug interactions involving hepatic cytochrome P450s enzymes. In these regards, levorphanol may offer a superior safety profile over methadone and other long-acting opioids. Despite its prospective value of multiple mechanisms of action and the potential for treating various types of pain, levorphanol use has been largely supplanted by other recently approved opioids. Its waning use over the years has caused it to be referred to as the “Forgotten Opioid” and resulted in what some consider its underutilization. In fact, levorphanol is relatively unfamiliar to most prescribers.
CNS Activity
Originator
Sources: https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=DE&NR=1014545&KC=&FT=E&locale=en_EP
Curator's Comment: # F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL233 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635068 |
0.13 nM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL237 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635068 |
2.3 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL236 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635068 |
4.2 nM [Ki] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26635068 |
Primary | levorphanol Approved UseINDICATIONS AND USAGE
Levorphanol Tartrate Tablets USP are indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain where an opioid analgesic is appropriate. Launch Date2000 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/levo-dromoran.html
The usual recommended starting dose for oral administration is 2 mg. This may be repeated in 6 to 8 hours as needed, provided the patient is assessed for signs of hypoventilation and excessive sedation. If necessary, the dose may be increased to up to 3 mg every 6 to 8 hours, after adequate evaluation of the patient’s response. Higher doses may be appropriate in opioid tolerant patients.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/853877
Samples containing 100-125 mkg of Synaptic plasma membranes protein and the appropriate drug concentration were incubated in 2.0 ml of 100 mM Tria-HC1 buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0 .25-0.50 mkCi45 CaCl2 and concentrations of [45Ca]Cl2 ranging from 0 .1-1 .25 mkM. Incubations were performed at 37 ° C for 10 minutes in a Dubnoff Metabolic Shaker. Binding experiments involving displacement of [45Ca] previously bound to Synaptic plasma membranes had controls run for 20 minutes . Reactions were terminated by the addition of 5 ml of ice-cold Tris buffer followed by rapid filtration (5-7 sec) over Millipore filters (0 .45 uM) previously washed with 0.25 M KCl . Membranes were washed again with two, 5 ml batches of ice-cold Tris buffer (pH 7.4, 25 C) . The filters were removed, dried at 80 C and counted by liquid scintillation on a Searle Analytic Isocap 300. Results are expressed as picomolea of Cam bound per mg of synaptic protein . Slopes and intercepts of lines were determined by regression analysis using standard program packages for Monroe 325 calculator . Levorphanol (0.5-10nM) inhibits Ca2+ binding to synaptic membranes in a dose dependent fashion
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66686930
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RST9EKW39R
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PARENT (SALT/SOLVATE)
SUBSTANCE RECORD