U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Dicloxacillin sodium USP is a semisynthetic antibiotic substance which resists destruction by the enzyme penicillinase (beta-lactamase). It is monosodium (2S,5R,6R)-6-[3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4- isoxazolecarboxamido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate monohydrate. Like other β-lactam antibiotics, dicloxacillin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It inhibits cross-linkage between the linear peptidoglycan polymer chains that make up a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Dicloxacillin is administered orally via capsule form or powder for reconstitution.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
INN:idramantone
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)


Idramantone (Kemantane) is a biologically active compound first synthesized and pharmacologically studied at the V. V. Zakusov Science Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Idramantone has immunostimulatory properties, which are particularly effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases of the vascular system of the limbs, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, aphthous stomatitis, herpes, and others. Idramantone also has an antiparkinsonism action. The compound has antiamnestic properties, which experimental data indicate are comparable in strength to those of memantine. Idramantone has cerebrovascular properties, increasing the blood supply in the ischemic brain. In addition, Idramantone and its derivatives are used in the electronics industry.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
INN:decloxizine
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Decloxizine (UCB-1402; NSC289116) is a histamine 1 receptor antagonist. Decloxizine is a broncholyticum.
Bacampicillin is a penicillin antibiotic. It is a prodrug of ampicillin with improved oral bioavailability. It exerts bactericidal activity via inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding one or more of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Spectrobid is used to treat bacterial infections such as tonsillitis, pneumonia (lung infection), bronchitis (inflammation of airway), urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and infections of the skin. Adverse effects are: anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, seizures, nephrotoxicity, Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction (fever, chills, sweating, tachycardia, hyperventilation, flushing, and myalgia). Drug interactions: Contraceptives - decreased contraceptive effectiveness; Live Typhoid Vaccine - decreased immunological response to the typhoid vaccine; Probenecid - increased bacampicillin levels.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Oralator by Smith Kline & French
(1946)
Source URL:
First approved in 1946
Source:
Oralator by Smith Kline & French
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)


Octodrine is a stimulant that is structurally similar to amphetamine and is included in several so-called “pre-workout” and “fat-burning” supplements. Octodrine, has a history of use as a pharmaceutical drug. It was originally developed in the United States as an aerosolized treatment for bronchitis, laryngitis and other conditions Initially approved by the FDA in 1946 as Eskay’s Oralator, this inhaler appeared only in the 1949 edition of the Physicians’ Desk Reference. Octodrine was combined with several other medications, including theophylline, 3-octopamine, and adenosine, in multi-ingredient tablets sold between the early 1960s through the mid-2000s under the trade names Ambredin, Ordinal, Ordinal Retard and Ordinal Forte. Some proponents say octodrine is a safer alternative to other stimulants like ephedra and Dimethylamylamine (DMAA), but there is no scientific information to support this claim. Originally developed in the early 1950’s as a remedy to nasal congestion and as a possible anti-tumor drug, Octodrine has resurfaced as a key ingredient in dietary supplements for its stimulant and thermogenic benefits.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
21 CFR 310.545(a)(6)(i) cough/cold:antihistamine thenyldiamine hydrochloride
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)


There is not much available information about thenyldiamine, is known, that it is used as antihistamine and for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Japan:Cefminox Sodium
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Cefminox is a broad-spectrum, bactericidal cephalosporin antibiotic. It is especially effective against Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. It is indicated in treatment of the following infections caused by sensitive bacteria: 1. Respiratory infections: Amygdalitis, circumtonsillar abscess, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis (in fection), secondary infections of chronic respiratory diseases, pneumonia, and pulmonary suppuration; 2. Infection in urinary system: Nephropyelitis, cystitis; 3. Infections in abdominal cavity: Cholecystitis' angiocholitis'peritonitis; 4. Infections in pelvic cavity: Pelvic peritonitis, adnexitis, intrauterine infection, inflammation in pelvic dead space, and parametritis; 5. Septicaemia.
Hexoprenaline is a selective beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist indicated for use in the treatment of bronchospasm associated with obstructive airways diseases, including asthma, bronchitis and emphysema. In many countries the drug is used as tocolytic agent (under the trade name gynipral).
Midecamycin diacetate (a derivative of Midecamycin) is reported as an ingredient of Miocamycin in Japan. Miocamycin is an orally administered 16-membered macrolide antimicrobial drug. It has a spectrum of in vitro activity similar to that of erythromycin, inhibiting a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, atypical microbes and some anaerobes. Importantly, miocamycin demonstrates greater in vitro potency than erythromycin against several pathogens including Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Equally noteworthy is its activity against erythromycin-resistant staphylococcal and streptococcal species expressing inducible-type resistance. Miocamycin possesses poor overall activity against Haemophilus influenzae and is inactive against Enterobacteriaceae. Penetration of miocamycin into body tissues and fluids is both rapid and extensive. The 3 major metabolites of miocamycin possess antimicrobial activity and may contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Clinical data indicate that miocamycin is useful in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in both adult and paediatric patients. Miocamycin is also effective in the treatment of urogenital tract infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or U. urealyticum. Midecamycin binds reversibly to 50S ribosomal subunit causing blockade of transpeptidation/translocation reactions, inhibition of protein synthesis and thus inhibition of cell growth. Midecamycin diacetate is also known as MIOCAMEN, Merced Box of 8 sachets (900mg), Mosil, Myoxam.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)


Oxolamine under brand names Symphocal, Perebron is used in some countries as a cough suppressant for the treatment of pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pertussis. Oxolamine possesses anti-inflammatory activity, which causes a reduction in the irritation of the nervous receptors of the respiratory tract.