U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C10H15NO
Molecular Weight 165.2322
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 2 / 2
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of Ephedrine

SMILES

CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1

InChI

InChIKey=KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WPRPVWTQSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H15NO/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3/t8-,10-/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C10H15NO
Molecular Weight 165.2322
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 2 / 2
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Ephedrine (l-form) is an alkaloid, which was initially purified from Ephedra plant. The extract form Ephedra has been used in China for medicinal purposes for several thousand years. Ephedrine acts as an agonist at alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and indirectly causes the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons. The drug crosses the blood brain barrier and stimulates the central nervous system. Ephedrine products are now banned in many countries, as they are a major source for the production of the addictive compound methamphetamine. FDA has approved ephedrine only for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Target ID: P07550|||Q53GA6|||Q9UCZ3
Gene ID: 154.0
Gene Symbol: ADRB2
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
0.36 µM [EC50]
4.95 null [pKi]
Target ID: P08588
Gene ID: 153.0
Gene Symbol: ADRB1
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
0.5 µM [EC50]
4.83 null [pKi]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
AKOVAZ

Approved Use

AKOVAZ injection is an alpha- and beta- adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent that is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia.

Launch Date

2016
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
79.4 ng/mL
22 mg single, oral
dose: 22 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
EPHEDRINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
87.4 ng/mL
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 11 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
EPHEDRINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
6.75 h
22 mg single, oral
dose: 22 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
EPHEDRINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
6.69 h
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 11 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
EPHEDRINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Effects of two atypical neuroleptics, olanzapine and risperidone, on the function of the urinary bladder and the external urethral sphincter in anesthetized rats.
2001
Prevention of generalized reactions to contrast media: a consensus report and guidelines.
2001
Recurrent ischaemic colitis associated with pseudoephedrine use.
2001 Apr
The effects of ginseng, ephedrine, and caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and energy.
2001 Apr
[Misuse of drugs in recreational sports].
2001 Apr
Chromatographic analysis of phenethylamine-antihistamine combinations using C8, C18 or cyano columns and micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate-pentanol mixtures.
2001 Apr
Stimulatory effect of D-ephedrine on beta3-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue of rats.
2001 Apr 12
Study on the chiral recognition of the enantiomers of ephedrine derivatives with neutral and sulfated heptakis(2,3-O-diacetyl)-beta-cyclodextrins using capillary electrophoresis, UV, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
2001 Apr 20
Ondansetron versus dehydrobenzoperidol and metoclopramide for management of postoperative nausea in laparoscopic surgery patients.
2001 Apr-Jun
Intrathecal anaesthesia for the elderly patient: the influence of the induction position on perioperative haemodynamic stability and patient comfort.
2001 Aug
Dose of prophylactic intravenous ephedrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.
2001 Aug
Prevention and management of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section: a survey of practice.
2001 Aug
Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis attributed to cough mixture abuse.
2001 Aug
Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance.
2001 Aug
Asymmetric synthesis of chiral organofluorine compounds: use of nonracemic fluoroiodoacetic acid as a practical electrophile and its application to the synthesis of monofluoro hydroxyethylene dipeptide isosteres within a novel series of HIV protease inhibitors.
2001 Aug 1
Continuous production of (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol in an enzyme-membrane reactor using a potent mutant of pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis.
2001 Aug 20
The trouble with fat-burner pills.
2001 Aug 27
Comparison of effects of remifentanil and alfentanil on cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation in hypertensive patients.
2001 Jan
The effect of betahistine on vestibular habituation: comparison of rotatory and sway habituation training.
2001 Jul
A stable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis system to characterize Ma Huang products found in health foods and supplements.
2001 Jul
New observations on the secondary chemistry of world Ephedra (Ephedraceae).
2001 Jul
Reappearance of cardiac presynaptic sympathetic nerve terminals in the transplanted heart: correlation between PET using (11)C-hydroxyephedrine and invasively measured norepinephrine release.
2001 Jul
Determination of ephedrines in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
2001 Jul 15
Perioperative bradycardia and asystole: relationship to vasovagal syncope and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex.
2001 Jun
Spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section with bupivacaine 5 mg ml(-1) in glucose 8 or 80 mg ml(-1).
2001 Jun
Hypotension in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a comparison of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 5% hyperbaric lidocaine.
2001 Jun
Cold-syrup induced movement disorder.
2001 Jun
It's a rave new world: rave culture and illicit drug use in the young.
2001 Jun
Nutritional supplements as a source for positive doping cases?
2001 Jun
Stability indicating HPTLC method for the simultaneous determination of pseudoephedrine and cetirizine in pharmaceutical formulations.
2001 Jun
Evaluation of pre-emptive intramuscular phenylephrine and ephedrine for reduction of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension during Caesarean section.
2001 Mar
Extra-strong graduated compression stocking reduces usage of vasopressor agents during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.
2001 May
Acute myocardial ischemia associated with ingestion of bupropion and pseudoephedrine in a 21-year-old man.
2001 May
Linezolid: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of coadministration with pseudoephedrine HCl, phenylpropanolamine HCl, and dextromethorpan HBr.
2001 May
Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion.
2001 May
Determination of ephedrine-type alkaloids in dietary supplements by LC/MS using a stable-isotope labeled internal standard.
2001 May-Jun
Neuropeptide Y in obese women during treatment with adrenergic modulation drugs.
2001 May-Jun
Over-the-counter drug use in gymnasiums: an underrecognized substance abuse problem?
2001 May-Jun
Pharmacologic options available to treat symptomatic intradialytic hypotension.
2001 Oct
The anesthetic management of triplet cesarean delivery: a retrospective case series of maternal outcomes.
2001 Oct
Time-controlled release pseudoephedrine tablets: bioavailability and in vitro/in vivo correlations.
2001 Sep
Phenylephrine added to prophylactic ephedrine infusion during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section.
2001 Sep
What constitutes an effective but safe initial dose of lidocaine to test a thoracic epidural catheter?
2001 Sep
Treatment of erectile dysfunction with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in parkinsonism due to Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy with observations on orthostatic hypotension.
2001 Sep
Studying the neuronal side of the synaptic cleft. A tool for investigating the paradox of sympathetic nervous system and heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy.
2001 Sep
Kinetic spectrophotometric methods for the quantitation of triprolidine in bulk and in drug formulations.
2001 Sep
Rapid chiral on-chip separation with simplified amperometric detection.
2001 Sep 14
[Risk management by reporting critical incidents. Vitamin K and ephedrine mix-up at a birthing unit].
2001 Sep 24
A history of nebulization.
2001 Spring
New imaging techniques for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy: a window on the heart.
2001 Spring
Patents

Sample Use Guides

The recommended dosages for the treatment of clinically important hypotension in the setting of anesthesia is an initial dose of 5 to 10 mg administered by intravenous bolus. Administer additional boluses as needed, not to exceed a total dosage of 50 mg.
Route of Administration: Intravenous
In Vitro Use Guide
Segments of guinea-pig ileum were treated with 10(-6)-10(-3) M ephedrine. Ephedrine inhibited the ileal responses to transmural stimulation in the terminal and the proximal ileum with EC50 values of 57.2 and 85.5 uM, respectively. In the proximal part of the ileum, more than 70% of preparations were relaxed by ephedrine.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 17:21:02 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 17:21:02 GMT 2023
Record UNII
GN83C131XS
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
Ephedrine
HSDB   MART.   MI   USP   VANDF   WHO-DD  
Common Name English
(R-(R*,S*))-.ALPHA.-(1-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)BENZENEMETHANOL [WHO-IP]
Systematic Name English
EPHEDRINE, ANHYDROUS [WHO-IP]
Common Name English
EPHEDRINE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
EPHEDRINE [VANDF]
Common Name English
EPHEDRINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
EPHEDRINE [MI]
Common Name English
NSC-170951
Code English
(1R,2S)-2-METHYLAMINO-1-PHENYLPROPAN-1-OL
Systematic Name English
EPHEDRINUM, ANHYDROUS [WHO-IP LATIN]
Common Name English
NSC-8971
Code English
EPHEDRINE [MART.]
Common Name English
XENADRINE
Common Name English
L-ERYTHRO-2-(METHYLAMINO)-1-PHENYLPROPAN-1-OL
Common Name English
BENZENEMETHANOL, .ALPHA.-(1-(METHYLAMINO)ETHYL)-, (R-(R*,S*))-
Common Name English
L-EPHEDRINE
Common Name English
(-)-EPHEDRINE
Common Name English
EPHEDRINE [HSDB]
Common Name English
Ephedrine [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
EPHEDRINE, ANHYDROUS
EP   WHO-IP  
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-ATC S01FB02
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC R01AA03
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QC01CA26
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC R03CA02
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000175552
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST 1.2
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
CFR 21 CFR 119.1
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QR01AA03
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
CFR 21 CFR 1315.13
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC C01CA26
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QS01FB02
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
CFR 21 CFR 341.20
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C87053
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000175555
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QG04BX90
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000192563
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
DEA NO. 8113
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
CFR 21 CFR 341.16
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC A08AA56
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
CFR 21 CFR 1314.20
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QR03CA02
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC R01AB05
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QR01AB05
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
NSC
170951
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB13683MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB01364
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
1024
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000088883
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
HSDB
3072
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
D004809
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
206-080-5
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
9294
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
EPHEDRINE
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
8971
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB11936MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
GN83C131XS
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C472
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m4933
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
CAS
299-42-3
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
WHO INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPEIA
EPHEDRINE
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Description: Colourless crystals or a white, crystalline powder; odourless or with a slight, aromatic odour.Solubility: Soluble in water; very soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; freely soluble in ether R.Category: Antiasthmatic drug.Storage: Ephedrine should be kept in a well-closed container, protected from light.Labelling: The designation on the container should state whether the substance is the hemihydrate or is in the anhydrous form.Additional information. Solutions of Ephedrine in chloroform R may become turbid, especially when the substance contains morethan 10 mg of water per g. Even in the absence of light, Ephedrine is gradually degraded on exposure to a humid atmosphere,the decomposition being faster at higher temperatures. Anhydrous Ephedrine melts at about 38?C, whereas Ephedrinehemihydrate melts at about 42?C.
DAILYMED
GN83C131XS
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
3966
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
IUPHAR
556
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PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID0022985
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL211456
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
15407
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 17:21:03 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
PARENT->PRECURSOR
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
DIASTEREOISOMER -> DIASTEREOISOMER
DIASTEREOISOMER -> DIASTEREOISOMER
DIASTEREOISOMER -> DIASTEREOISOMER
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SOLVATE->ANHYDROUS
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
PARENT->PRECURSOR
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
Definition. Ephedrine contains not less than 98.5% and not more than 101.0% of C10H15NO, calculated with reference to the anhydrous substance.
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
DIASTEREOISOMER -> DIASTEREOISOMER
PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT
ASSAY (HPLC)
Related Record Type Details
PARENT -> IMPURITY
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY