Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | 2C10H15NO.H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 348.4797 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O.CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C2=CC=CC=C2
InChI
InChIKey=ZNGSVRYVWHOWLX-KHFUBBAMSA-N
InChI=1S/2C10H15NO.H2O/c2*1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9;/h2*3-8,10-12H,1-2H3;1H2/t2*8-,10-;/m00./s1
| Molecular Formula | H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 18.0153 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C10H15NO |
| Molecular Weight | 165.2322 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Ephedrine (l-form) is an alkaloid, which was initially purified from Ephedra plant. The extract form Ephedra has been used in China for medicinal purposes for several thousand years. Ephedrine acts as an agonist at alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and indirectly causes the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons. The drug crosses the blood brain barrier and stimulates the central nervous system. Ephedrine products are now banned in many countries, as they are a major source for the production of the addictive compound methamphetamine. FDA has approved ephedrine only for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P07550|||Q53GA6|||Q9UCZ3 Gene ID: 154.0 Gene Symbol: ADRB2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.36 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094251 |
4.95 null [pKi] | ||
Target ID: P08588 Gene ID: 153.0 Gene Symbol: ADRB1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.5 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2095158 |
4.83 null [pKi] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | AKOVAZ Approved UseAKOVAZ injection is an alpha- and beta- adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent that is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia. Launch Date1.46188796E12 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
79.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
22 mg single, oral dose: 22 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
87.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 11 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
6.75 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
22 mg single, oral dose: 22 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
6.69 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 11 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Minidose bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia for surgical repair of hip fracture in the aged. | 2000 Jan |
|
| Effects of two atypical neuroleptics, olanzapine and risperidone, on the function of the urinary bladder and the external urethral sphincter in anesthetized rats. | 2001 |
|
| Prevention of generalized reactions to contrast media: a consensus report and guidelines. | 2001 |
|
| Recurrent ischaemic colitis associated with pseudoephedrine use. | 2001 Apr |
|
| The many faces of ecstasy. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Enantiomeric analysis of pharmaceutical compounds by ion/molecule reactions. | 2001 Apr 15 |
|
| Dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. | 2001 Apr 5 |
|
| Dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. | 2001 Apr 5 |
|
| Phenylpropanolamine and hemorrhagic stroke. | 2001 Apr 5 |
|
| Ondansetron versus dehydrobenzoperidol and metoclopramide for management of postoperative nausea in laparoscopic surgery patients. | 2001 Apr-Jun |
|
| Intrathecal anaesthesia for the elderly patient: the influence of the induction position on perioperative haemodynamic stability and patient comfort. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Role of the atrial natriuretic factor in obstetric spinal hypotension. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Comparison of metaraminol and ephedrine infusions for maintaining arterial pressure during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Dose of prophylactic intravenous ephedrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Prevention and management of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section: a survey of practice. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis attributed to cough mixture abuse. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Use of nonprescription weight loss products: results from a multistate survey. | 2001 Aug 22-29 |
|
| Ephedra is linked to CNS, cardiovascular risks. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Successful management of venous air embolism with inotropic support. | 2001 Feb |
|
| [Cerebral infarction in a patient consuming MaHuang extract and guarana]. | 2001 Feb 3 |
|
| [Refractory hypotension sustained during general anesthesia due to chronic treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors]. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Effect of organic cations on the renal tubular secretion of pseudoephedrine in the rat. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
| Pre-filled ephedrine syringes. | 2001 Jul |
|
| A stable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis system to characterize Ma Huang products found in health foods and supplements. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Reappearance of cardiac presynaptic sympathetic nerve terminals in the transplanted heart: correlation between PET using (11)C-hydroxyephedrine and invasively measured norepinephrine release. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Perioperative bradycardia and asystole: relationship to vasovagal syncope and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section with bupivacaine 5 mg ml(-1) in glucose 8 or 80 mg ml(-1). | 2001 Jun |
|
| Hypotension in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a comparison of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 5% hyperbaric lidocaine. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Cold-syrup induced movement disorder. | 2001 Jun |
|
| It's a rave new world: rave culture and illicit drug use in the young. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Stability indicating HPTLC method for the simultaneous determination of pseudoephedrine and cetirizine in pharmaceutical formulations. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Venlafaxine occupation at the noradrenaline reuptake site: in-vivo determination in healthy volunteers. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Induction with propofol target-concentration infusion vs. 8% sevoflurane inhalation and alfentanil in hypertensive patients. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Extra-strong graduated compression stocking reduces usage of vasopressor agents during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. | 2001 May |
|
| Direct resolution of (+/-)-ephedrine and atropine into their enantiomers by impregnated TLC. | 2001 May |
|
| Fulminant exacerbation of autoimmune hepatitis after the use of ma huang. | 2001 May |
|
| Linezolid: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of coadministration with pseudoephedrine HCl, phenylpropanolamine HCl, and dextromethorpan HBr. | 2001 May |
|
| Pharmacologic options available to treat symptomatic intradialytic hypotension. | 2001 Oct |
|
| High performance liquid chromatography with UV detection for the simultaneous determination of sympathomimetic amines using 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl)benzoyl chloride as a label. | 2001 Oct |
|
| Time-controlled release pseudoephedrine tablets: bioavailability and in vitro/in vivo correlations. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Phenylephrine added to prophylactic ephedrine infusion during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Separation and determination of ephedrine alkaloids and tetramethylpyrazine in Ephedra sinica Stapf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | 2001 Sep |
|
| What constitutes an effective but safe initial dose of lidocaine to test a thoracic epidural catheter? | 2001 Sep |
|
| Treatment of erectile dysfunction with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in parkinsonism due to Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy with observations on orthostatic hypotension. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Studying the neuronal side of the synaptic cleft. A tool for investigating the paradox of sympathetic nervous system and heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Kinetic spectrophotometric methods for the quantitation of triprolidine in bulk and in drug formulations. | 2001 Sep |
|
| [Risk management by reporting critical incidents. Vitamin K and ephedrine mix-up at a birthing unit]. | 2001 Sep 24 |
|
| Effect of sympathetic reinnervation on cardiac performance after heart transplantation. | 2001 Sep 6 |
|
| A history of nebulization. | 2001 Spring |
Sample Use Guides
The recommended dosages for the treatment of clinically important hypotension in the setting of
anesthesia is an initial dose of 5 to 10 mg administered by intravenous bolus. Administer additional boluses as needed, not to exceed a total dosage of 50 mg.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
Segments of guinea-pig ileum were treated with 10(-6)-10(-3) M ephedrine. Ephedrine inhibited the ileal responses to transmural stimulation in the terminal and the proximal ileum with EC50 values of 57.2 and 85.5 uM, respectively. In the proximal part of the ileum, more than 70% of preparations were relaxed by ephedrine.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Thu Jul 06 01:29:31 UTC 2023
by
admin
on
Thu Jul 06 01:29:31 UTC 2023
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| Record UNII |
HH60WD6JQS
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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67242163
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SUB11934MIG
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283561
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100000091960
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HH60WD6JQS
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EPHEDRINE HEMIHYDRATE
Created by
admin on Thu Jul 06 01:29:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 01:29:31 UTC 2023
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PRIMARY | Description: Colourless crystals or a white, crystalline powder; odourless or with a slight, aromatic odour.Solubility: Soluble in water; very soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; freely soluble in ether R.Category: Antiasthmatic drug.Storage: Ephedrine should be kept in a well-closed container, protected from light.Labelling: The designation on the container should state whether the substance is the hemihydrate or is in the anhydrous form.Additional information: Solutions of Ephedrine in chloroform R may become turbid, especially when the substance contains morethan 10 mg of water per g. Even in the absence of light, Ephedrine is gradually degraded on exposure to a humid atmosphere,the decomposition being faster at higher temperatures. Anhydrous Ephedrine melts at about 38?C, whereas Ephedrinehemihydrate melts at about 42?C. | ||
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50906-05-3
Created by
admin on Thu Jul 06 01:29:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 01:29:31 UTC 2023
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
Definition: Ephedrine contains not less than 98.5% and not more than 101.0% of C10H15NO, calculated with reference to the anhydrous substance.
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ANHYDROUS->SOLVATE |
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