Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | 2C10H15NO.H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 348.4797 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O.CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C2=CC=CC=C2
InChI
InChIKey=ZNGSVRYVWHOWLX-KHFUBBAMSA-N
InChI=1S/2C10H15NO.H2O/c2*1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9;/h2*3-8,10-12H,1-2H3;1H2/t2*8-,10-;/m00./s1
| Molecular Formula | H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 18.0153 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C10H15NO |
| Molecular Weight | 165.2322 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Ephedrine (l-form) is an alkaloid, which was initially purified from Ephedra plant. The extract form Ephedra has been used in China for medicinal purposes for several thousand years. Ephedrine acts as an agonist at alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and indirectly causes the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons. The drug crosses the blood brain barrier and stimulates the central nervous system. Ephedrine products are now banned in many countries, as they are a major source for the production of the addictive compound methamphetamine. FDA has approved ephedrine only for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P07550|||Q53GA6|||Q9UCZ3 Gene ID: 154.0 Gene Symbol: ADRB2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.36 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094251 |
4.95 null [pKi] | ||
Target ID: P08588 Gene ID: 153.0 Gene Symbol: ADRB1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.5 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2095158 |
4.83 null [pKi] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | AKOVAZ Approved UseAKOVAZ injection is an alpha- and beta- adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent that is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia. Launch Date2016 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
79.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
22 mg single, oral dose: 22 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
87.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 11 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
6.75 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
22 mg single, oral dose: 22 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
6.69 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 11 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Ephedrine-induced complete atrioventricular block with ventricular asystole during rapid concomitant phenytoin infusion: a case report. | 1999 Mar |
|
| The use of oral vasopressors in the management of autonomic dysfunction and orthostatic hypotension. | 1999 May |
|
| Guaifenesin- and ephedrine-induced stones. | 1999 Nov |
|
| Pharmaceutical cost savings of treating obesity with weight loss medications. | 1999 Nov |
|
| The haemodynamic effects of propofol in combination with ephedrine in elderly patients (ASA groups 3 and 4). | 1999 Oct |
|
| l-Ephedrine is a major constituent of Mao-Bushi-Saishin-To, one of the formulas of Chinese medicine, which shows immediate inhibition after oral administration of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. | 2000 Aug |
|
| Olanzapine-induced urinary incontinence: treatment with ephedrine. | 2000 Aug |
|
| Minidose bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia for surgical repair of hip fracture in the aged. | 2000 Jan |
|
| An evaluation of l-ephedrine neurotoxicity with respect to hyperthermia and caudate/putamen microdialysate levels of ephedrine, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. | 2000 May |
|
| The effects of ginseng, ephedrine, and caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and energy. | 2001 Apr |
|
| [Misuse of drugs in recreational sports]. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Chromatographic analysis of phenethylamine-antihistamine combinations using C8, C18 or cyano columns and micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate-pentanol mixtures. | 2001 Apr |
|
| The effects of an increase of central blood volume before spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a qualitative systematic review. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Mass spectrometric quantitation of chiral drugs by the kinetic method. | 2001 Apr 15 |
|
| Enantiomeric analysis of pharmaceutical compounds by ion/molecule reactions. | 2001 Apr 15 |
|
| Phenylpropanolamine and hemorrhagic stroke. | 2001 Apr 5 |
|
| Ondansetron versus dehydrobenzoperidol and metoclopramide for management of postoperative nausea in laparoscopic surgery patients. | 2001 Apr-Jun |
|
| Role of the atrial natriuretic factor in obstetric spinal hypotension. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Dose of prophylactic intravenous ephedrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Prevention and management of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section: a survey of practice. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Use of nonprescription weight loss products: results from a multistate survey. | 2001 Aug 22-29 |
|
| NCAA study of substance use and abuse habits of college student-athletes. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Should the angiotensin II antagonists be discontinued before surgery? | 2001 Jan |
|
| Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Suspected caffeine and ephedrine toxicosis resulting from ingestion of an herbal supplement containing guarana and ma huang in dogs: 47 cases (1997-1999). | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
| Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia with low doses of intrathecal bupivacaine in women with severe preeclampsia: a preliminary report. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
| The effect of betahistine on vestibular habituation: comparison of rotatory and sway habituation training. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Pre-filled ephedrine syringes. | 2001 Jul |
|
| The olfactory G protein G(alphaolf) possesses a lower GDP-affinity and deactivates more rapidly than G(salphashort): consequences for receptor-coupling and adenylyl cyclase activation. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Perioperative bradycardia and asystole: relationship to vasovagal syncope and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Stability indicating HPTLC method for the simultaneous determination of pseudoephedrine and cetirizine in pharmaceutical formulations. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Phenylpropanolamine and stroke: the study, the FDA ruling, the implications. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Ergogenic aids: counseling the athlete. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
| Direct resolution of (+/-)-ephedrine and atropine into their enantiomers by impregnated TLC. | 2001 May |
|
| Acute myocardial ischemia associated with ingestion of bupropion and pseudoephedrine in a 21-year-old man. | 2001 May |
|
| Fulminant exacerbation of autoimmune hepatitis after the use of ma huang. | 2001 May |
|
| Linezolid: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of coadministration with pseudoephedrine HCl, phenylpropanolamine HCl, and dextromethorpan HBr. | 2001 May |
|
| Neuropeptide Y in obese women during treatment with adrenergic modulation drugs. | 2001 May-Jun |
|
| Over-the-counter drug use in gymnasiums: an underrecognized substance abuse problem? | 2001 May-Jun |
|
| Pharmacologic options available to treat symptomatic intradialytic hypotension. | 2001 Oct |
|
| Time-controlled release pseudoephedrine tablets: bioavailability and in vitro/in vivo correlations. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Separation and determination of ephedrine alkaloids and tetramethylpyrazine in Ephedra sinica Stapf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Studying the neuronal side of the synaptic cleft. A tool for investigating the paradox of sympathetic nervous system and heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Kinetic spectrophotometric methods for the quantitation of triprolidine in bulk and in drug formulations. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Rapid chiral on-chip separation with simplified amperometric detection. | 2001 Sep 14 |
|
| [Risk management by reporting critical incidents. Vitamin K and ephedrine mix-up at a birthing unit]. | 2001 Sep 24 |
|
| A history of nebulization. | 2001 Spring |
Sample Use Guides
The recommended dosages for the treatment of clinically important hypotension in the setting of
anesthesia is an initial dose of 5 to 10 mg administered by intravenous bolus. Administer additional boluses as needed, not to exceed a total dosage of 50 mg.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
Segments of guinea-pig ileum were treated with 10(-6)-10(-3) M ephedrine. Ephedrine inhibited the ileal responses to transmural stimulation in the terminal and the proximal ileum with EC50 values of 57.2 and 85.5 uM, respectively. In the proximal part of the ileum, more than 70% of preparations were relaxed by ephedrine.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 15 18:14:24 GMT 2023
by
admin
on
Fri Dec 15 18:14:24 GMT 2023
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| Record UNII |
HH60WD6JQS
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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67242163
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SUB11934MIG
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283561
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100000091960
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HH60WD6JQS
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EPHEDRINE HEMIHYDRATE
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 18:14:24 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:14:24 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | Description: Colourless crystals or a white, crystalline powder; odourless or with a slight, aromatic odour.Solubility: Soluble in water; very soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; freely soluble in ether R.Category: Antiasthmatic drug.Storage: Ephedrine should be kept in a well-closed container, protected from light.Labelling: The designation on the container should state whether the substance is the hemihydrate or is in the anhydrous form.Additional information: Solutions of Ephedrine in chloroform R may become turbid, especially when the substance contains morethan 10 mg of water per g. Even in the absence of light, Ephedrine is gradually degraded on exposure to a humid atmosphere,the decomposition being faster at higher temperatures. Anhydrous Ephedrine melts at about 38?C, whereas Ephedrinehemihydrate melts at about 42?C. | ||
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50906-05-3
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 18:14:24 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:14:24 GMT 2023
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
Definition: Ephedrine contains not less than 98.5% and not more than 101.0% of C10H15NO, calculated with reference to the anhydrous substance.
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ANHYDROUS->SOLVATE |
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