Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C10H15NO.C9H10N4O4 |
| Molecular Weight | 403.4323 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CN2C3=C(N(CC(O)=O)C=N3)C(=O)N(C)C2=O
InChI
InChIKey=YSIIKGUQUONBTG-GNAZCLTHSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H15NO.C9H10N4O4/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9;1-11-7-6(8(16)12(2)9(11)17)13(4-10-7)3-5(14)15/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3;4H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,14,15)/t8-,10-;/m0./s1
| Molecular Formula | C9H10N4O4 |
| Molecular Weight | 238.2001 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C10H15NO |
| Molecular Weight | 165.2322 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Ephedrine (l-form) is an alkaloid, which was initially purified from Ephedra plant. The extract form Ephedra has been used in China for medicinal purposes for several thousand years. Ephedrine acts as an agonist at alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and indirectly causes the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons. The drug crosses the blood brain barrier and stimulates the central nervous system. Ephedrine products are now banned in many countries, as they are a major source for the production of the addictive compound methamphetamine. FDA has approved ephedrine only for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P07550|||Q53GA6|||Q9UCZ3 Gene ID: 154.0 Gene Symbol: ADRB2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.36 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094251 |
4.95 null [pKi] | ||
Target ID: P08588 Gene ID: 153.0 Gene Symbol: ADRB1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.5 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2095158 |
4.83 null [pKi] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | AKOVAZ Approved UseAKOVAZ injection is an alpha- and beta- adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent that is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia. Launch Date2016 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
79.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
22 mg single, oral dose: 22 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
87.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 11 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
6.75 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
22 mg single, oral dose: 22 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
6.69 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 11 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| The use of oral vasopressors in the management of autonomic dysfunction and orthostatic hypotension. | 1999 May |
|
| The haemodynamic effects of propofol in combination with ephedrine in elderly patients (ASA groups 3 and 4). | 1999 Oct |
|
| Olanzapine-induced urinary incontinence: treatment with ephedrine. | 2000 Aug |
|
| An evaluation of l-ephedrine neurotoxicity with respect to hyperthermia and caudate/putamen microdialysate levels of ephedrine, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. | 2000 May |
|
| Recurrent ischaemic colitis associated with pseudoephedrine use. | 2001 Apr |
|
| The effects of ginseng, ephedrine, and caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and energy. | 2001 Apr |
|
| [Misuse of drugs in recreational sports]. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Chromatographic analysis of phenethylamine-antihistamine combinations using C8, C18 or cyano columns and micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate-pentanol mixtures. | 2001 Apr |
|
| The many faces of ecstasy. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Ondansetron versus dehydrobenzoperidol and metoclopramide for management of postoperative nausea in laparoscopic surgery patients. | 2001 Apr-Jun |
|
| Dose of prophylactic intravenous ephedrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis attributed to cough mixture abuse. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Application of carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis for enantiomer separation of selected neurotransmitters. | 2001 Aug 17 |
|
| Continuous production of (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol in an enzyme-membrane reactor using a potent mutant of pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis. | 2001 Aug 20 |
|
| Ephedra is linked to CNS, cardiovascular risks. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Suspected caffeine and ephedrine toxicosis resulting from ingestion of an herbal supplement containing guarana and ma huang in dogs: 47 cases (1997-1999). | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
| Perioperative bradycardia and asystole: relationship to vasovagal syncope and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. | 2001 Jun |
|
| It's a rave new world: rave culture and illicit drug use in the young. | 2001 Jun |
|
| High-performance liquid chromatographic method development and validation for the simultaneous quantitation of naproxen sodium and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride impurities. | 2001 Mar |
|
| [Generalized edema following insulin treatment of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus]. | 2001 Mar 20 |
|
| Acute myocardial ischemia associated with ingestion of bupropion and pseudoephedrine in a 21-year-old man. | 2001 May |
|
| Fulminant exacerbation of autoimmune hepatitis after the use of ma huang. | 2001 May |
|
| Linezolid: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of coadministration with pseudoephedrine HCl, phenylpropanolamine HCl, and dextromethorpan HBr. | 2001 May |
|
| Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. | 2001 May |
|
| Pharmacologic options available to treat symptomatic intradialytic hypotension. | 2001 Oct |
|
| Time-controlled release pseudoephedrine tablets: bioavailability and in vitro/in vivo correlations. | 2001 Sep |
|
| What constitutes an effective but safe initial dose of lidocaine to test a thoracic epidural catheter? | 2001 Sep |
|
| Simultaneous quantitation of ephedrines in urine by gas chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorus detection for doping control purposes. | 2001 Sep 5 |
|
| A history of nebulization. | 2001 Spring |
Sample Use Guides
The recommended dosages for the treatment of clinically important hypotension in the setting of
anesthesia is an initial dose of 5 to 10 mg administered by intravenous bolus. Administer additional boluses as needed, not to exceed a total dosage of 50 mg.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
Segments of guinea-pig ileum were treated with 10(-6)-10(-3) M ephedrine. Ephedrine inhibited the ileal responses to transmural stimulation in the terminal and the proximal ileum with EC50 values of 57.2 and 85.5 uM, respectively. In the proximal part of the ileum, more than 70% of preparations were relaxed by ephedrine.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Sat Dec 16 08:07:03 GMT 2023
by
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on
Sat Dec 16 08:07:03 GMT 2023
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| Record UNII |
69LH6U1N27
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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