Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | 2C10H15NO.H2O4S |
| Molecular Weight | 428.543 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
OS(O)(=O)=O.CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C2=CC=CC=C2
InChI
InChIKey=CAVQBDOACNULDN-KHFUBBAMSA-N
InChI=1S/2C10H15NO.H2O4S/c2*1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9;1-5(2,3)4/h2*3-8,10-12H,1-2H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)/t2*8-,10-;/m00./s1
| Molecular Formula | H2O4S |
| Molecular Weight | 98.078 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C10H15NO |
| Molecular Weight | 165.2322 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Ephedrine (l-form) is an alkaloid, which was initially purified from Ephedra plant. The extract form Ephedra has been used in China for medicinal purposes for several thousand years. Ephedrine acts as an agonist at alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and indirectly causes the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons. The drug crosses the blood brain barrier and stimulates the central nervous system. Ephedrine products are now banned in many countries, as they are a major source for the production of the addictive compound methamphetamine. FDA has approved ephedrine only for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P07550|||Q53GA6|||Q9UCZ3 Gene ID: 154.0 Gene Symbol: ADRB2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.36 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094251 |
4.95 null [pKi] | ||
Target ID: P08588 Gene ID: 153.0 Gene Symbol: ADRB1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.5 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2095158 |
4.83 null [pKi] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | AKOVAZ Approved UseAKOVAZ injection is an alpha- and beta- adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent that is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia. Launch Date2016 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
79.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
22 mg single, oral dose: 22 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
87.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 11 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
6.75 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
22 mg single, oral dose: 22 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
6.69 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 11 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Guaifenesin- and ephedrine-induced stones. | 1999 Nov |
|
| The haemodynamic effects of propofol in combination with ephedrine in elderly patients (ASA groups 3 and 4). | 1999 Oct |
|
| Chromatographic analysis of phenethylamine-antihistamine combinations using C8, C18 or cyano columns and micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate-pentanol mixtures. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Mass spectrometric quantitation of chiral drugs by the kinetic method. | 2001 Apr 15 |
|
| Phenylpropanolamine and hemorrhagic stroke. | 2001 Apr 5 |
|
| Ondansetron versus dehydrobenzoperidol and metoclopramide for management of postoperative nausea in laparoscopic surgery patients. | 2001 Apr-Jun |
|
| Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis attributed to cough mixture abuse. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Continuous production of (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol in an enzyme-membrane reactor using a potent mutant of pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis. | 2001 Aug 20 |
|
| Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Suspected caffeine and ephedrine toxicosis resulting from ingestion of an herbal supplement containing guarana and ma huang in dogs: 47 cases (1997-1999). | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
| Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia with low doses of intrathecal bupivacaine in women with severe preeclampsia: a preliminary report. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
| Effect of organic cations on the renal tubular secretion of pseudoephedrine in the rat. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
| Pre-filled ephedrine syringes. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Perioperative bradycardia and asystole: relationship to vasovagal syncope and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. | 2001 Jun |
|
| It's a rave new world: rave culture and illicit drug use in the young. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Reduced myocardial carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine retention is associated with poor prognosis in chronic heart failure. | 2001 Mar |
|
| [A case of pulmonary embolism associated with pneumatic tourniquet deflation]. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Induction with propofol target-concentration infusion vs. 8% sevoflurane inhalation and alfentanil in hypertensive patients. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Ergogenic aids: counseling the athlete. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
| Extra-strong graduated compression stocking reduces usage of vasopressor agents during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. | 2001 May |
|
| Acute myocardial ischemia associated with ingestion of bupropion and pseudoephedrine in a 21-year-old man. | 2001 May |
|
| Linezolid: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of coadministration with pseudoephedrine HCl, phenylpropanolamine HCl, and dextromethorpan HBr. | 2001 May |
|
| Over-the-counter drug use in gymnasiums: an underrecognized substance abuse problem? | 2001 May-Jun |
|
| Phenylephrine added to prophylactic ephedrine infusion during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Separation and determination of ephedrine alkaloids and tetramethylpyrazine in Ephedra sinica Stapf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | 2001 Sep |
|
| What constitutes an effective but safe initial dose of lidocaine to test a thoracic epidural catheter? | 2001 Sep |
|
| Rapid chiral on-chip separation with simplified amperometric detection. | 2001 Sep 14 |
Sample Use Guides
The recommended dosages for the treatment of clinically important hypotension in the setting of
anesthesia is an initial dose of 5 to 10 mg administered by intravenous bolus. Administer additional boluses as needed, not to exceed a total dosage of 50 mg.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
Segments of guinea-pig ileum were treated with 10(-6)-10(-3) M ephedrine. Ephedrine inhibited the ileal responses to transmural stimulation in the terminal and the proximal ileum with EC50 values of 57.2 and 85.5 uM, respectively. In the proximal part of the ileum, more than 70% of preparations were relaxed by ephedrine.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 15 15:19:24 GMT 2023
by
admin
on
Fri Dec 15 15:19:24 GMT 2023
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| Record UNII |
U6X61U5ZEG
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C319
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CFR |
21 CFR 346.12
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CFR |
21 CFR 341.16
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CFR |
21 CFR 341.20
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C87053
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| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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SUB13688MIG
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EPHEDRINE SULFATE
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 15:19:24 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:19:24 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | Description: Colourless crystals or a white, crystalline powder; odourless.Solubility: Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS.Category: Antiasthmatic drug.Storage: Ephedrine sulfate should be kept in a well-closed container, protected from light.Additional information: Ephedrine sulfate darkens on exposure to light. Even in the absence of light, it is gradually degraded onexposure to a humid atmosphere, the decomposition being faster at higher temperatures.RequirementsDefinition: Ephedrine sulfate contains not less than 98.0% and not more than 101.0% of (C10H15NO)2,H2SO4, calculated withreference to the dried substance. | ||
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100000078927
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91166
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DTXSID6020565
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U6X61U5ZEG
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DBSALT001503
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CHEMBL211456
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134-72-5
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C72765
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1236007
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m4933
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205-154-4
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U6X61U5ZEG
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5359318
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE |
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ACTIVE MOIETY |