Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C10H15NO.ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 201.693 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.CN[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1
InChI
InChIKey=BALXUFOVQVENIU-GNAZCLTHSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H15NO.ClH/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9;/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3;1H/t8-,10-;/m0./s1
| Molecular Formula | ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 36.461 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Molecular Formula | C10H15NO |
| Molecular Weight | 165.2322 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Ephedrine (l-form) is an alkaloid, which was initially purified from Ephedra plant. The extract form Ephedra has been used in China for medicinal purposes for several thousand years. Ephedrine acts as an agonist at alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and indirectly causes the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons. The drug crosses the blood brain barrier and stimulates the central nervous system. Ephedrine products are now banned in many countries, as they are a major source for the production of the addictive compound methamphetamine. FDA has approved ephedrine only for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P07550|||Q53GA6|||Q9UCZ3 Gene ID: 154.0 Gene Symbol: ADRB2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.36 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094251 |
4.95 null [pKi] | ||
Target ID: P08588 Gene ID: 153.0 Gene Symbol: ADRB1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
0.5 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2095158 |
4.83 null [pKi] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | AKOVAZ Approved UseAKOVAZ injection is an alpha- and beta- adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent that is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia. Launch Date2016 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
79.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
22 mg single, oral dose: 22 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
87.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 11 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
6.75 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
22 mg single, oral dose: 22 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
6.69 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/973934/ |
11 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 11 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
EPHEDRINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| l-Ephedrine is a major constituent of Mao-Bushi-Saishin-To, one of the formulas of Chinese medicine, which shows immediate inhibition after oral administration of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. | 2000 Aug |
|
| Olanzapine-induced urinary incontinence: treatment with ephedrine. | 2000 Aug |
|
| An evaluation of l-ephedrine neurotoxicity with respect to hyperthermia and caudate/putamen microdialysate levels of ephedrine, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. | 2000 May |
|
| Caffeine and exercise: metabolism, endurance and performance. | 2001 |
|
| Chromatographic analysis of phenethylamine-antihistamine combinations using C8, C18 or cyano columns and micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate-pentanol mixtures. | 2001 Apr |
|
| The many faces of ecstasy. | 2001 Apr |
|
| The effects of an increase of central blood volume before spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a qualitative systematic review. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Enantiomeric analysis of pharmaceutical compounds by ion/molecule reactions. | 2001 Apr 15 |
|
| Ondansetron versus dehydrobenzoperidol and metoclopramide for management of postoperative nausea in laparoscopic surgery patients. | 2001 Apr-Jun |
|
| Hypokalemic metabolic acidosis attributed to cough mixture abuse. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Use of nonprescription weight loss products: results from a multistate survey. | 2001 Aug 22-29 |
|
| Successful management of venous air embolism with inotropic support. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Suspected caffeine and ephedrine toxicosis resulting from ingestion of an herbal supplement containing guarana and ma huang in dogs: 47 cases (1997-1999). | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
| The olfactory G protein G(alphaolf) possesses a lower GDP-affinity and deactivates more rapidly than G(salphashort): consequences for receptor-coupling and adenylyl cyclase activation. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section with bupivacaine 5 mg ml(-1) in glucose 8 or 80 mg ml(-1). | 2001 Jun |
|
| It's a rave new world: rave culture and illicit drug use in the young. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Evaluation of pre-emptive intramuscular phenylephrine and ephedrine for reduction of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension during Caesarean section. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Phenylpropanolamine and stroke: the study, the FDA ruling, the implications. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Neuropeptide Y in obese women during treatment with adrenergic modulation drugs. | 2001 May-Jun |
|
| Over-the-counter drug use in gymnasiums: an underrecognized substance abuse problem? | 2001 May-Jun |
|
| Pharmacologic options available to treat symptomatic intradialytic hypotension. | 2001 Oct |
|
| Time-controlled release pseudoephedrine tablets: bioavailability and in vitro/in vivo correlations. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Separation and determination of ephedrine alkaloids and tetramethylpyrazine in Ephedra sinica Stapf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | 2001 Sep |
Sample Use Guides
The recommended dosages for the treatment of clinically important hypotension in the setting of
anesthesia is an initial dose of 5 to 10 mg administered by intravenous bolus. Administer additional boluses as needed, not to exceed a total dosage of 50 mg.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
Segments of guinea-pig ileum were treated with 10(-6)-10(-3) M ephedrine. Ephedrine inhibited the ileal responses to transmural stimulation in the terminal and the proximal ileum with EC50 values of 57.2 and 85.5 uM, respectively. In the proximal part of the ileum, more than 70% of preparations were relaxed by ephedrine.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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admin
on
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Fri Dec 15 16:38:04 GMT 2023
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on
Fri Dec 15 16:38:04 GMT 2023
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| Record UNII |
NLJ6390P1Z
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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| Record Version |
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| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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CFR |
21 CFR 341.20
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29747
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CFR |
21 CFR 341.16
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CFR |
21 CFR 349.18
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50-98-6
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m4933
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200-074-6
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CHEMBL211456
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SUB13686MIG
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NLJ6390P1Z
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NLJ6390P1Z
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65326
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91165
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759611
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C75031
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1235999
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DTXSID1045825
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EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE
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PRIMARY | Description: Colourless crystals or a white, crystalline powder; odourless.Solubility: Soluble in 4 parts of water; soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; practically insoluble in ether R.Category: Antiasthmatic drug.Storage: Ephedrine hydrochloride should be kept in a well-closed container, protected from light.Additional information: Ephedrine hydrochloride darkens on exposure to light.RequirementsDefinition: Ephedrine hydrochloride contains not less than 99.0% and not more than 101.0% of C10H15NO,HCl, calculated withreference to the dried substance. | ||
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DBSALT001513
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100000091342
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BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE |
ASSAY (TITRATION)
EP
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PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE | |||
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BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE |
ASSAY (TITRATION)
USP
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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IMPURITY -> PARENT | |||
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
For the calculation of contents, multiply the peak areas by 0.4
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
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IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |