Isovitexin (apigenin-6-C-glucoside), an isomer of vitexin, is found in plants such as pigeon pea, Passiflora, bamboo, mimosa, wheat leaves, rice hull of Oryza sativa and others. Isovitexin is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The highest level of intravenously administrated isovitexin was examined in kidney, liver, lung, and lowest in the brain. Isovitexin helps to stimulate apoptotic cell death and autophagy of various cancer cells through the upstream regulation of Bax, PARP, p-JNK, and MAPK and the downstream regulation of the caspases Bcl-2 and ERK1/2. Isovitexin has been proved to have various activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's disease and others.

Rosavin is a glycoside found in the plant Rhodiola rosea. It is a component of rosavin capsules from Ameriden which are marketd to reduce stress and anxiety.

Acteoside (verbsacoside) is the one of the main active phenylethanoid glycosides from Cistanche deserticola, Lantana camara and some others herbs. It is known to have antioxidant and neuroprotective activity, and herbs containing it are used to enhance memory and can be studied for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It is known, that amyloid fibrils accumulation in cerebral can easily lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Acteoside has been reported to inhibit Aβ42 aggregation by activating nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), increasing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. It has also been shown that acteoside could decrease nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and caspase-3 expression. Acteoside is a natural antioxidant product unlike other anti-tumor compounds, is an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). In addition Reh-acteoside, a general acteoside of Rehmannia leaves was studied in phase 2/3 clinical trials for patients with IgA nephropathy.

Hecogenin is the steroidal saponin aglycone (or sapogenin) present in the leaves of species from the Agave genus, including Agave sisalana, Agave cantala and Agave aurea. Hecogenin has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities already studied, including anticancer/antiproliferative, antifungal and hipotensive activities. A recent study showed that this substance is a selective inhibitor of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, enzymes responsible for the detoxification of numerous chemical toxins

Evodiamine, a naturally occurring indole alkaloid, is one of the main bioactive ingredients of Evodia Rutaecara, the dried unripe fruit of which is also known as Wu zhu yu (Wu Zhu Yu, interchangeably) or Evodia Fruit. Evodia Fruit used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the purposes of warmth, intestinal comfort (specifically; to alleviate abdominal pain, acid regurgitation, nausea and diarrhea), dysmenorrheal, and fighting inflammation and infections. With respect to the pharmacological actions of evodiamine, more attention has been paid to beneficial effects in insults involving cancer, obesity, nociception, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, infectious diseases and thermo-regulative effects. Evodiamine has evolved a superior ability to bind various proteins including TRPV1, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and topoisomerases I and II. There are currently no human studies on evodia rutaecarpa berries or evodiamine.

Dihydrokavain (or DIHYDROKAWAIN) is one of the six major kavalactones found in the kava plant. It was shown that dihydrokavain might play an important role in regulation of GABAergic neurotransmission, because this compound can modulate the brainstem GABAergic mechanism.