Corosolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene acid isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa. It inhibits STAT3 and VEGFR2 signaling and has cytotoxic effect on a number of tumor cell lines. Corosolic acid has demonstrated anti-diabetic effect in vivo, probably due to facilitation of GLUT4 translocation or AMPK activation.

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been used for centuries for the treatment of liver disorders and as a hepatoprotectant. The primary extract of milk thistle is termed silymarin, a complex mixture that contains a number of structurally-related flavonolignans, the flavonoid, taxifolin, and a number of other constituents. The major flavonolignans present in most extracts are silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A and isosilybin B, silydianin, silychristin and isosilychristin. Isosilybin B elicited the strongest anti-NF-kappaB and anti-HCV actions. The data suggest that silymarin-derived compounds may influence HCV disease course in some patients. Isosilybin B causes androgen receptor degradation in human prostate carcinoma cells via PI3K-Akt-Mdm2-mediated pathway.

Alliin (S-allyl-l-cysteine sulfoxides, SACSO) is the major component of aged garlic extract, bearing broad-spectrum natural antioxidant properties. It was revealed, that alliin had an inhibitory effect in osteoclasteogenesis with a dose-dependent manner via blocking the c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling pathway and it could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. In addition, alliin ameliorates gut inflammation through MAPK-NF-κB/AP-1/STAT-1 inactivation and PPAR-γ activation.