Ginkgolide A (GA, BN52020), is a terpene lactone constituent of Ginkgo biloba, the ginkgo tree, is the oldest living tree, with a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Ginkgolide A is an effective antagonist of platelet activating factor, an ubiquitous phospholipid that acts as a mediator of numerous pathophysiological conditions. Ginkgolide A displays anxiolytic, antiinflammatory properties, protects from cerebral ischemia in animal models.

Hordenine is a natural Phenethylamine compound that occurs in a number of different plants, but especially barley grass. It is structurally similar to the amino acid Tyramine. It antagonized D2-mediated beta-arrestin recruitment indicating functional selectivity. Hordenine inhibited melanogenesis by suppressing cAMP production, which is involved in the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins. Hordenine may be an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation. Hordenine is an indirectly acting adrenergic drug. It liberates norepinephrine from stores. In isolated organs and those structures with reduced epinephrine contents, the hordenine-effect is only very poor. Experiments in intact animals (rats, dogs) show that hordenine has a positive inotropic effect upon the heart, increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure, peripheral blood flow volume, inhibits gut movements but has no effect upon the psychomotorical behavior of mice. Hordenine is considered to be generally very safe and well-tolerated in healthy adults. Hordenine is a nootropic compound that works equally well for cognitive enhancement and athletic performance.

Gymnemic acid II is a glycoside isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae), it has being shown to be a glucose uptake inhibitor and to have a potent antidiabetic activity. Gymnemic acids are triterpene glycosides that selectively suppress taste responses to various sweet substances in humans.

Rhododendrol, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol, Rhododenol(®) (RD), a naturally occurring phenolic compound, was developed as a tyrosinase inhibitor for skin-lightening/whitening cosmetics. In 2013, skin depigmentation was reported in consumers using RD-containing skin-brightening cosmetics; this condition is called RD-induced leukoderma. Rhododendrol exerts melanocyte cytotoxicity via a tyrosinase-dependent mechanism. It has being shown to impair the normal proliferation of melanocytes through reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of GADD45. Rhododendrol (RD) is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor.