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Restrict the search for
halobetasol propionate
to a specific field?
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First approved in 1949
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
ALPHAPRODINE is an opioid analgesic. It was used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, and for minor surgical procedures. In addition, this drug was used in the dentistry setting to help effectively manage pain associated with dental procedures.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL by LILLY
(1982)
Source URL:
First approved in 1941
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic non-steroidal estrogen. It is used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders, prostate cancer and in the prevention of miscarriage or premature delivery in pregnant women prone to miscarriage or premature delivery. Diethylstilbestrol is a very potent full agonist of the estrogen receptors. At the cellular level, estrogens increase the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and various proteins in target tissues. Pituitary mass is also increased. Estrogens reduce the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus, leading to a reduction in release of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the pituitary. Adverse effects are: breast pain or tenderness, enlargement of breasts, gynecomastia, peripheral edema and others. Estrogens may interfere with the effects of bromocriptine. Dosage adjustment may be needed. Concurrent use with estrogens may alter the metabolism and protein binding of the glucocorticoids, leading to decreased clearance, increased elimination half-life, and increased therapeutic and toxic effects of the glucocorticoids.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Propionic acid (PA), also known as propanoic acid, with chemical formula C3H6O2, is an organic acid used as a food additive and found naturally on the skin and in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a byproduct of fermentation reactions and is also produced industrially from ethylene or ethanol and carbon monoxide. Propionic acid is a fungicide and bactericide, registered to controlfungi and bacteria in stored grains, hay, grain storage areas, poultry litter,and drinking water for livestock and poultry. As a food preservative, propionic acid prevents mold in bread and baked goods, and it is used as a flavoring agent in cheese and other packaged goods. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers it safe and therefore, has no limitation on its use. It has been demonstrated that PA lowers fatty acids content in liver and plasma, reduces food intake, exerts immunosuppressive actions and probably improves tissue insulin sensitivity. Thus increased production of PA by the microbiota might be considered beneficial in the context of prevention of obesity and diabetes type 2. The molecular mechanisms by which PA may exert this plethora of physiological effects are slowly being elucidated and include intestinal cyclooxygenase enzyme, the G-protein coupled receptors 41 and 43 and activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, in turn inhibiting the sentinel transcription factor NF-κB and thus increasing the threshold for inflammatory responses in general. Taken together, PA emerges as a major mediator in the link between nutrition, gut microbiota and physiology. The sodium salt of propionic acid was previously approved in Canada as an active ingredient in Amino-Cerv (used to treat inflammation or injury of the cervix).
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Propionic acid (PA), also known as propanoic acid, with chemical formula C3H6O2, is an organic acid used as a food additive and found naturally on the skin and in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a byproduct of fermentation reactions and is also produced industrially from ethylene or ethanol and carbon monoxide. Propionic acid is a fungicide and bactericide, registered to controlfungi and bacteria in stored grains, hay, grain storage areas, poultry litter,and drinking water for livestock and poultry. As a food preservative, propionic acid prevents mold in bread and baked goods, and it is used as a flavoring agent in cheese and other packaged goods. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers it safe and therefore, has no limitation on its use. It has been demonstrated that PA lowers fatty acids content in liver and plasma, reduces food intake, exerts immunosuppressive actions and probably improves tissue insulin sensitivity. Thus increased production of PA by the microbiota might be considered beneficial in the context of prevention of obesity and diabetes type 2. The molecular mechanisms by which PA may exert this plethora of physiological effects are slowly being elucidated and include intestinal cyclooxygenase enzyme, the G-protein coupled receptors 41 and 43 and activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, in turn inhibiting the sentinel transcription factor NF-κB and thus increasing the threshold for inflammatory responses in general. Taken together, PA emerges as a major mediator in the link between nutrition, gut microbiota and physiology. The sodium salt of propionic acid was previously approved in Canada as an active ingredient in Amino-Cerv (used to treat inflammation or injury of the cervix).
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
21 CFR 333A
(2020)
Source URL:
First approved in 2009
Source:
21 CFR 352
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NADA141025
(2009)
Source URL:
First approved in 2009
Source:
NADA141025
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Laidlomycin is a polycyclic polyether antibiotic which possesses an inhibitory activity against various mycoplasma species}, and is effective in controlling coccidiosis in chickens. It is also known as selectively inhibiting the
migration of hemagglutinin glycoprotein from Golgi apparatus to the cell surface in measles virus). Laidlomycin inhibited growth of some Gram-positive bacteria only at high concentrations such as 50-100 ug/ml,
but was not active against Gram-negative bacteria,
yeast and fungi even at concentration of 1,000 ug/ml. In broth dilution, laidlomycin was active against several illycoplasmas and most active against the sterol-nonrequiring mycoplasma, Acholeplasma laidlawii. Under the brand name Cattlyst Laidlomycin is indicated for improved feed efficiency and increased rate of weight gain in cattle fed in confinement for slaughter.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Meldonium (3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium)propionate; MET-88; quaterine, trade-named as Mildronate) is an antiischemic drug developed at the Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis. It is a clinically used in the treatment of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Mechanism of action is based on the regulation of energy metabolism pathways through l-carnitine lowering effect. L-Carnitine biosynthesis enzyme γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase and carnitine/organic cation transporter type 2 (OCTN2) are the main known drug targets of meldonium, and through inhibition of these activities, meldonium induces adaptive changes in the cellular energy homeostasis. Since L-carnitine is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, the decline in its levels stimulates glucose metabolism and decreases concentrations of l-carnitine related metabolites, such as long-chain acylcarnitines and trimethylamine-N-oxide. Meldonium is used in neurological clinics for the treatment of brain circulation disorders. It appears to improve patients' mood; they become more active, their motor dysfunction decreases, and asthenia, dizziness, and nausea become less pronounced. CNS effects of Meldonium could be mediated by stimulation of the nitric oxide production in the vascular endothelium by modification of the gamma-butyrobetaine and its esters pools. It is hypothesized that mildronate may increase the formation of the gamma-butyrobetaine esters. Meldonium was on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA) list of drugs being monitored until September 2015, when it was added to the list of banned substances, effective January 1, 2016.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (MIXED)
Loxoprofen (INN) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the propionic acid derivatives group. It is marketed in Brazil, Mexico and Japan by Sankyo as its sodium salt, loxoprofen sodium, under the trade name Loxonin, Argentina as Oxeno and in India as Loxomac. It is available in these countries for oral administration, and a transdermal preparation was approved for sale in Japan on January 2006.
It is usually used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It is also used to reduce pain and inflammation after surgery, wounds and tooth removal, as well as to bring down fever or ease pain induced by acute inflammation of upper respiratory tract Loxoprofen is a prodrug. When administered orally, loxoprofen sodium hydrate is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract as an unchanged compound with only a modest gastric-mucosal irritation. It is then rapidly biotransformed into the active metabolite trans-OH form (SRS coordination) with a potent inhibitory effect on prostaglandin biosynthesis to exert its pharmacologic effects. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis constitutes the mechanism of action of this drug, the site of action being cyclooxygenase.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Mitiglinide is a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes currently marked under tradename Glufast. Glufast® is available as the tablet for oral use, containing 5 mg or 10 mg of Mitiglinide calcium hydrate. The recommended dose is 10 mg three times daily just before each meal (within 5 minutes). Mitiglinide was approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on January 29, 2004, and is currently co-marketed in Japan by Kissei and Takeda. Mitiglinide is a rapid-acting insulin secretion-stimulating agent, its belongs to the meglitinide (glinide) class of blood glucose-lowering drugs. Mitiglinide is thought to stimulate insulin secretion by closing the ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels in pancreatic beta-cells.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Spectro Eczemacare Medicated Cream by Glaxosmithkline Inc [Canada]
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Clobetasone is a corticosteroid used in dermatology, for treating such skin inflammation as seen in eczema, psoriasis and other forms of dermatitis, and ophthalmology. Topical clobetasone butyrate has shown minimal suppression of the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. It is available as clobetasone butyrate under the brand names Eumosone or Eumovate both manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. Trimovate also contains Oxytetracycline, an antibiotic, and nystatin, an antifungal.
Clobetasone butyrate is classed as a moderately potent topical corticosteroid. Clobetasone butyrate relieves the symptoms of a flare-up by reducing inflammation, itching and redness. It is not a cure for the condition, but it will help to relieve the symptoms. Although less potent topical steriods are often preferred for use in children, a short course of clobetasone butyrate may be prescribed for a child with severe eczema on the arms or legs. Short courses of clobetasone butyrate may also be prescribed for the treatment of psoriasis for areas such as the face, or the inside of elbows and behind the knees. In ophthalmology, clobetasone butyrate 0.1% eye drops have been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of dry eyes in Sjögren's Syndrome.
