Methyl palmoxirate, an oral hypoglycemic agent, was studied as a selective and irreversible inhibitor of the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase and of long-chain fatty acid oxidation to treat diabetes. In addition, this compound was used to study the brain lipid metabolism by quantitative autoradiography or positron emission tomography (PET).

Primisulfuron-methyl is a urea herbicide that is used on crop and non- crop areas for the control of grass weeds and many kinds of broad-leaved weeds. Primisulfuron-methyl is a selective postemergence systemic herbicide that is rapidly absorbed by plants and transported throughout the plant roots and foliage. The herbicide works by blocking cell growth in the active growing regions of the plant. Primisulfuron-methyl is practically non-toxic by ingestion, with a reported oral LD50 of greater than 5050 mg/kg in rats. Primisulfuron-methyl is practically nontoxic to wildfowl. Both bobwhite quail and mallard ducks show a high tolerance for the compound. Primisulfuron-methyl is of low to moderate persistence in the soil environment, with a field half-life of from 4 to 60 days. A representative value is estimated to be about 30 days.

7-Methylxanthine is a methyl derivative of xanthine, found occasionally in human urine. 7-Methylxanthine is one of the purine components in urinary calculi. 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine, and has been shown to have low toxicity and no carcinogenic effects. 7-MX is known as a non-selective adenosine antagonist and has been shown to work against myopia. 7-MX has little effect on the proliferation or apoptosis of human RPE cells; however, 7-MX disturbs the proportion of cells in the G1 stage and inhibits the expression of ADORA1, ADORA2A, and ADORA2B in short-term treatment. 7-MX has been confirmed to reduce the severity of myopia and eye elongation induced by forming deprivation in guinea pigs and to counteract the thinning of the posterior sclera and of collagen fibrils induced by form deprivation. A clinical trial showed that 7-MX reduced eye elongation and myopia progression in childhood myopia.

Chlorpyrifos-methyl is a broad-spectrum organophosphorous insecticide and potential toxic pollutant widely used in agriculture and effective against a wide range of insect pests in commercial importance crops. Chlorpyrifos-methyl have endocrine disruption activity, especially anti-androgenic effects and Chlorpyrifos-methyl administration leads to hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity in mammals. The fish exposed to chlorpyrifos-methyl exhibited behavioral changes in the form of neurotoxin toxicity: less general activity than control group, loss of equilibrium, erratic swimming and staying motionless at a certain location

2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amine formed during ordinary cooking, and is subsequently metabolically activated by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). PhIP has been used in trials studying the basic science of Pancreas Cancer.

Carotegrast is phenylalanine derivative patented by pharmaceutical company Ajinomoto Co. for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory disease states related to the α4 integrin-dependent adhesion process. In preclinical studies, Carotegrast shows pharmacological activity in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Orantinib (SU-6668) is an orally bioavailable receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Orantinib binds to and inhibits the autophosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Orantinib also inhibits the phosphorylation of the stem cell factor receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit, often expressed in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Orantinib was in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer. It was also in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, this research was terminated in 2014. The compound was originally developed by Sugen (subsidiary of Pfizer). In 1998, a co-development agreement took place between Sugen and Taiho for the compound.

Evatanepag (CP-533,536) is a prostaglandin E2 EP2 receptor agonist. It stimulates new bone formation on trabecular, endocortical, and periosteal surfaces and enhances fracture healing. Evatanepag was under development with Pfizer as a bone formation stimulant for therapeutic use in the healing of fractures.