Haloxyfop-p-methyl ester, a selective herbicide, is used to control a wide range of annual and perennial grass weeds in broad-leaved crops, such as legume, cotton, peanut, rape, and vegetables

Mapreg is developing pregnenolone methyl ether (MAP4343), an injectable neurosteroid stimulator of the tubulin polymerisation and neurite growth stimulator. The synthetic pregnenolone-derivative MAP4343 (3β-methoxy-preg-nenolone) binds in vitro to microtubule-associated-protein 2 (MAP2), stimulates the polymerization of tubulin, enhances the extension of neurites and protects neurons against neurotoxic agents. MAP4343 has been selected after screening of a large library ofnatural and synthetic steroids. MAP4343 has similar in vitro activity as pregnenolone; it cannot be converted into metabolites with hormonal activities, and has been shown to have in vivo beneficial effects in rat models of spinal cord injury. MAP4343 has an interesting pharmacological profile because no in vitro affinity for any CNS neurotransmitter receptor was found. MAP4343 has been shown to have antidepressant efficacy in rats. In the rat isolation-rearing model of depression, administration of MAP4343 showed persistent efficacy in recovering recognition memory deficit, stronger and more rapid anxiolytic activity, and more rapid rescue of passive coping behavior compared with FLX. The behavioral effects of MAP4343 correlated with changes in α-tubulin isoforms in the hippocampus, amygdala, and pre-frontal cortex (PFC). Its efficacy was also assessed in vivo with the most commonly used thoracic spinal cord compression/contusion models in rats. In the three models used, the post-traumatic subcutaneous injection of MAP4343 significantly improved the recovery of locomotor function after spinal cord injury, as shown by an earlier and more complete recovery compared to vehicle-treated rats. The results obtained in three different rat models of spinal cord injury demonstrate the beneficial effects of this therapeutic strategy and identify MAP4343 as a potential treatment for acute spinal cord injury. MAP4343 received EU Orphan Drug designation for spinal cord injury. MAP4343 is in phase II clinical trials by Mapreg for the treatment of depression and in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.

LY-3009120 is an orally available inhibitor of all members of the serine/threonine protein kinase Raf family, including A-Raf, B-Raf, and C-Raf protein kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, pan-RAF kinase inhibitor LY3009120 inhibits Raf-mediated signal transduction pathways, which may inhibit tumor cell growth. Raf protein kinases play a key role in the RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which is often dysregulated in human cancers and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation and survival. LY3009120 is being investigated in phase I clinical trial.

Safotibant (previously known as LF22-0542) was developed as an antagonist at bradykinin B1 receptor for the topical treatment of diabetic macular edema. This drug participated in phase II clinical trials in Australia, in Belgium and in the Czech Republic. However, further, development was discontinued.

PF-04447943 is a potent, selective brain penetrant PDE9 inhibitor (Ki of 2.8, 4.5 and 18 nM) for human, rhesus and rat recombinant PDE9 respectively and high selectivity for PDE9 versus PDEs1-8 and 10-11. PF-04447943 was being developed by Pfizer for the treatment of cognitive disorders. PF-04447943 attenuates a scopolamine-induced deficit in a novel rodent attention task. PF-04447943 enhances synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in rodents. PF-04447943 has completed Phase II clinical trials in subjects with mild to moderate AD in 2013 but this research was discontinued. Pfizer completes a phase I trial in Sickle cell anaemia.

MPEP (2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine) was one of the first compounds found to act a selective antagonist for the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR5. It was under development by Novartis in the late 1990's. MPEP was found to produce neuroprotective effects following acute brain injury in animals. MPEP was also found to have positive effects on animal models of depression, anxiety and morphine withdrawl.

Dequalinium salicylate is a bisquanternary quinolinium antiseptic which kills many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Dequalinium Salicylate have antibacterial (mediated by Dequalinium action) and anti-inflammatory activities (mediated by Salicylic acid action). Dequalinium has an antiseptic effect against a wide range of bacteria, yeasts, and some fungi and viruses. It kills the micro-organisms associated with various mild infections of the mouth and throat. Salicylic acid have direct anti-inflammatory activity mediated by inhibition of both types of cyclo-oxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) to decrease the formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid.

Fluthiacet-methyl, an isourazole herbicide is applied to actively growing weeds in soybeans to control annual broadleaf weeds. Fluthiacet-methyl induced the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in cotyledons of cotton and inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis in cotyledons of velvetleaf and cotton.