Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. FDA agency approved benzyl alcohol for the treatment of head lice. The drug acts on head lice by inhibiting them from closing their respiratory spiracles, allowing the vehicle to obstruct the spiracles and causing the lice to asphyxiate.

Glycine (Cly) is a natural amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as a co-agonist at Glutamate [NMDA] receptors in the brain and is an activator of glycine receptors, GLRA1-3, GLRB. The abnormal Gly levels have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Alterations in Gly levels are implicated in several diseases of the central nervous system. Glycine was studied in phase II of clinical trials in patients with schizophrenia. The results have shown that using of glycine was associated with reduced symptoms with promising effect sizes and a possibility of improvement in cognitive function. Besides, glycine was also studied in clinical trials phase II in children with cystic fibrosis. The clinical, spirometric and inflammatory status of subjects with cystic fibrosis improved after just 8 weeks of glycine intake, suggesting that this amino acid might constitute a novel therapeutic tool for these patients. In addition, Gly was proposed as a biomarker for brain tumor malignancy. Glycine is a component of a nutrients mixture for peripheral administration to well-nourished mildly catabolic adult patients who require only short-term parenteral nutrition.

Menthyl lactate is derived from menthol, a compound that comes from peppermint oil, or is made synthetically. Menthol has a natural cooling effect, which makes it useful as a topical analgesic to treat skin irritation, pain, itching or sunburn. Despite its cooling benefits, menthol can be a skin irritant. Like menthol, menthyl lactate is cooling, but it causes less skin irritation than menthol. Menthyl lactate also has a refreshing, minty taste. For this reason, some manufacturers use it as a flavoring ingredient. The compound is recommended for use as a flavor in concentrations of 0.005% to 0.2% and in cosmetic and other external products in concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 2.0%. Menthyl lactate is a known compound available e.g. from Haarmann & Reimer GmbH (Germany) under the name FRESCOLAT, Type ML.

Tartaric acid is found in many plants such as grapes, tamarinds, pineapples, mulberries and so on. Wine lees (called mud in the US), the sediment collected during the fermentation of grapes, contains potassium bitartrate (potassium hydrogen tartrate) as its major component. L-(+)-tartaric acid is an enantiomer of tartaric acid. Twenty five years before the tetrahedral structure for carbon was proposed in 1874 to explain the optical activity and other properties of organic compounds, Louis Pasteur discovered the existence of enantiomerism in tartaric acid. L-(+)-tartaric acid is widely used in food and beverage as acidity regulator with E number E334.

ISOMETHADONE HYDROBROMIDE, DL- is a hydrobromide salt of isomethadone, a synthetic opioid analgesic. This is a controlled substance in the US.

Dichlorotetrafluoroethane is used for cryoanalgesia. Dichlorotetrafluoroethane has been used as an anesthetic in dermabrasion. Cryoanalgesia with dichlorotetrafluoroethane is effective and easily utilized by a dermatologist and a nurse assistant or even by a physician on his own, with occasional help from his patient. Dichlorotetrafluoroethane is a common fluorocarbon aerosol propellant. Dichlorotetrafluoroethane exhibits a vasodepressor activity on skeletal muscle vascular bed, which is readily overcome by the hypotension-induced activation of the sympathetic system but which becomes evident when reflex activity is prevented by vagotomy. The inhalation of fluorocarbons caused a depression of myocardial contractility, aortic hypotension a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. In rats, severe electrocardiographic changes including marked bardycardia, atrioventricular heart block of the second degree and complete heart block were registered.

Brocrinat is an ethacrynic acid derivative with diuretic activity. Chronic dosing with Brocrinat does not increase plasma uric acid suggests that therapeutically, Brocrinat as a diuretic may be useful in patients where control of plasma uric acid is desirable..

Tagatose is a functional sweetener. It is naturally occurring and often found in dairy products. Tagatose is similar in texture and sweetness to sucrose (table sugar) but with only 38% of the calories. It is approved for use as a food additive as a low-calorie sweetener. Only 15 - 20 % of Tagatose is absorbed in the small intestines and metabolized similarly to sucrose; the bulk of ingested tagatose is fermented in the colon by bacteria producing short chain fatty acids which are subsequently absorbed and metabolized by the body without affecting insulin levels. Tagatose is being investigated by Spherix for the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes. Tagatose consumed orally significantly blunts the rise in plasma glucose seen after oral glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus in a dose-dependent manner without significantly affecting insulin levels. It has been suggested that Tagatose may act by attenuating the absorption of glucose in the intestines.

Arfalasin or Hoe 409, an angiotensin II (AII) blocker, inhibits the renin release thus delay recovery of urinary osmolality.