Nitrate ion (NO3 −) is found naturally in the environment and is an important plant nutrient. It is present at varying concentrations in all plants and is a part of the nitrogen cycle. Nitrate probably has a role in protecting the gastrointestinal tract against a variety of gastrointestinal pathogens, as nitrous oxide and acidified nitrite have antibacterial properties. Significant bacterial reduction of nitrate to nitrite does not normally take place in the stomach, except in individuals with low gastric acidity or with gastrointestinal infections. These may include individuals using antacids, particularly those that block acid secretion. Potassium nitrate is used as mild local desensitizer in toothpastes.

There is no information related to biological or pharmacological application of lead(II) bromide (a combustion product of the gasoline additives lead (IV) tetraethyl and 1,2-dibromoethane). It is only known, that this substance possesses mutagenicity.

D&C Black #2 is the name, given by the FDA, for a highly pure form of carbon black prepared by combusting aromatic petroleum oil in the "oil furnace" process. It consists, essentially, of pure carbon. The Cosmetic, Toiletries and Fragrance Association (CTFA) petitioned the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for approval to use carbon black in cosmetic formulations. The FDA granted approval on August 29, 2004, and now D&C Black #2 is used in all cosmetic products: mascaras, eyeliners, brush-on-brow, eyeshadows, and lipsticks.

Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, and found in many plants and plant parts. Sucrose is often extracted and refined from either sugarcane or beet sugar for human consumption. Upon ingestion, sucrose is hydrolyzed in the small intestine by by sucrase to glucose and fructose. Sucrose is used as inactive ingredients in numerous drugs. In medicine, sucrose is used for pain relief in infants.

dl-α-tocopheryl phosphate has a growth acceleration effect on domestic fowl. Also was confirmed, that in all investigated animals dl-α-tocopheryl phosphate has an ability to being converted into vitamin E.

Aluminium silicate is a compound made from aluminum, oxygen and silicate that can take the form of a mineral as well as combine with water to make a clay. Aluminum silicate comes in three mineral forms: andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite, all of which have the chemical formula Al2SiO5 but have distinct crystal structures. When magnesium aluminum silicate is hydrated it becomes a clay known as kaolin, which is used for treating ailments such as diarrhea and to combat diaper rash as well as rashes from poison oak and poison ivy. When combined with magnesium and hydrated, the result is a clay mixture that sees common use in antacids as well as a thickener for cosmetics and other beauty products. It also appears as an inactive ingredient for deodorants. The kyanite form of aluminium silicate is used to create mullite for industrial use, and this compound is used by the ceramics industry as a refractory, as well as to manufacture electrical insulating materials and heating elements. Aluminium silicate (aluminum oxide silicate), under the brand name Adsorbin among others, is used as antidiarrheal agent and intestinal adsorbent. Kaolin (hydrated aluminum silicate) has traditionally been used internally to control diarrhea. Kaolin has also been used topically as an emollient and drying agent. Specifically, it has been used to dry oozing and weeping poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac rashes. It has also been used as a protectant for the temporary relief of anorectal itching and diaper rash.

Saccharin is the most established of the artificial sweeteners on the market, this mixture of dextrose and saccharin has been in use for over a century and is found in diet versions of soft drinks. It is 300-500 times sweeter than sugar and contains zero calories. In 1977, the FDA tried to ban its use after evidence showed it caused cancer in rats. Extensive lobbying by the diet food industry allowed products to stay on the shelves as long as they carried warnings about the cancer risks in animals. This warning was removed in 2001 when the Calorie Control Council insisted the link between animal and human cancers could not automatically be made. Consumption of saccharin-sweetened products can benefit diabetics as the substance goes directly through the human digestive system without being digested. While saccharin has no food energy, it can trigger the release of insulin in humans due to its sweet taste. The T1R2/R3 sweet taste receptor exist on the surface of pancreatic beta cells. Saccharin is a unique in that it inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) at submaximal and maximal glucose concentrations, with the other sweeteners having no effect. Investigation of saccharin’s dose-response characteristics showed that concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mM stimulated insulin secretion, while concentrations of 1 and 2.5 mM inhibited insulin secretion. Saccharin’s effect on insulin secretion was shown to be reversible in INS-1 832/13 clonal pancreatic beta cells after chronic exposure to 1 mM saccharin. Artificial sweeteners may affect insulin secretion via interaction with the sweet taste receptor, also saccharin may affect other cellular processes linked to insulin secretion, and that these effects are both time- and concentration-dependent

Benzaldehyde is the simplest and possibly the most industrially useful member of the family of aromatic aldehydes. Benzaldehyde exists in nature, primarily in combined forms such as a glycoside in almond, apricot, cherry, and peach seeds. The characteristic benzaldehyde odor of oil of bitter almond occurs because of trace amounts of free benzaldehyde formed by hydrolysis of the glycoside amygdalin. Benzaldehyde is a versatile intermediate because of its reactive aldehyde hydrogen, its carbonyl group, and the benzene ring. Benzaldehyde is formed from phenylpyruvic acid, derived by the aminotransferase activity on phenylalanine, in the presence of high levels of Mn2+, and contributes to the generation of flavor compound during cheese ripening. Benzaldehyde is a synthetic flavoring substance, sanctioned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for foods. Benzaldehyde is also recognized as safe for use as a bee repellant in the harvesting of honey. Benzaldehyde's most important use is in organic synthesis, where it is the raw material utilized to produce various aldehydes. Because Benzaldehyde rapidly metabolizes to Benzoic Acid in the skin, the available dermal irritation and sensitization data demonstrating no adverse reactions to Benzoic Acid were considered supportive of the safety of Benzaldehyde.

BETANAPHTHOL (or 2-Naphthol) is used as a preservative. It is known, that this compound can cause dermatitis.

Phenylmercuric ammonium acetate is a fungicide and bactericide. It is used for the seed treatment.