Inxight Drugs

Search results for "EPA PESTICIDE|CONVENTIONAL CHEMICAL" in comments (approximate match)

Showing 31 - 40 of 2,893 results

SULFACETAMIDE

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4965G3J0F5

Status:

US Approved Rx (2009)

First approved in 1941

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Targets:

Conditions:

Sulfacetamide is a synthetic sulfonamide antibiotic, which exerts its effect through inhibition of bacterial dihydrofolate synthetase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid into folic acid in bacterias. The topical formulati...

Niacin

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2679MF687A

Status:

US Approved Rx (2022)

First marketed in 1937

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Targets:

Conditions:

Niacin (also known as vitamin B3 and nicotinic acid) is bio converted to nicotinamide which is further converted to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and the hydride equivalent (NADH) which are coenzymes necessary for tissue metabolism, lipid ...

metabolism, and glycogenolysis. Niacin (but not nicotinamide) in gram doses reduces LDL-C, Apo B, Lp(a), TG, and TC, and increases HDL-C. The increase in HDL-C is associated with an increase in apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) and a shift in the distribution of HDL subfractions. These shifts include an increase in the HDL2:HDL3 ratio, and an elevation in lipoprotein A-I (Lp A-I, an HDL-C particle containing only Apo A-I). The mechanism by which niacin alters lipid profiles is not completely understood and may involve several actions, including partial inhibition of release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue, and increased lipoprotein lipase activity (which may increase the rate of chylomicron triglyceride removal from plasma). Niacin decreases the rate of hepatic synthesis of VLDL-C and LDL-C, and does not appear to affect fecal excretion of fats, sterols, or bile acids. As an adjunct to diet, the efficacy of niacin and lovastatin in improving lipid profiles (either individually, or in combination with each other, or niacin in combination with other statins) for the treatment of dyslipidemia has been well documented. The effect of combined therapy with niacin and lovastatin on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined. In addition, preliminary reports suggest that niacin causes favorable LDL particle size transformations, although the clinical relevance of this effect is not yet clear. April 15, 2016: Based on several large cardiovascular outcome trials including AIM-HIGH, ACCORD, and HPS2-THRIVE, the FDA decided that "scientific evidence no longer supports the conclusion that a drug-induced reduction in triglyceride levels and/or increase in HDL-cholesterol levels in statin-treated patients results in a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events" Consistent with this conclusion, the FDA has determined that the benefits of niacin ER tablets for coadministration with statins no longer outweigh the risks, and the approval for this indication should be withdrawn.

AMPHETAMINE SULFATE

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6DPV8NK46S

Status:

US Approved Rx (2019)

First marketed in 1931

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)

Targets:

Conditions:

Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. Amphetamine was discovered in 1887 and exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamin...

Carbon Dioxide

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142M471B3J

Status:

US Approved Rx (2013)

First marketed in 1925

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Conditions:

Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas occurring naturally in Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a primary carbon source for life on Earth. It is produced by all aerobic organisms during metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Carbon dioxide is used in...

Cholecalciferol

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1C6V77QF41

Status:

US Approved Rx (2001)

First marketed in 1921

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Conditions:

Cholecalciferol (/ˌkoʊləkælˈsɪfərɒl/) (vitamin D3) is one of the five forms of vitamin D. Cholecalciferol is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, in mineralization of b...

one, and for the assimilation of Vitamin A. The classical manifestation of vitamin D deficiency is rickets, which is seen in children and results in bony deformities including bowed long bones. Most people meet at least some of their vitamin D needs through exposure to sunlight. Ultraviolet (UV) B radiation with a wavelength of 290–320 nanometers penetrates uncovered skin and converts cutaneous 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3, which in turn becomes vitamin D3. In supplements and fortified foods, vitamin D is available in two forms, D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) that differ chemically only in their side-chain structure. Vitamin D2 is manufactured by the UV irradiation of ergosterol in yeast, and vitamin D3 is manufactured by the irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol from lanolin and the chemical conversion of cholesterol. The two forms have traditionally been regarded as equivalent based on their ability to cure rickets and, indeed, most steps involved in the metabolism and actions of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 are identical. Both forms (as well as vitamin D in foods and from cutaneous synthesis) effectively raise serum 25(OH) D levels. Firm conclusions about any different effects of these two forms of vitamin D cannot be drawn. However, it appears that at nutritional doses, vitamins D2 and D3 are equivalent, but at high doses, vitamin D2 is less potent. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that exclusively and partially breastfed infants receive supplements of 400 IU/day of vitamin D shortly after birth and continue to receive these supplements until they are weaned and consume ≥1,000 mL/day of vitamin D-fortified formula or whole milk. Cholecalciferol is used in diet supplementary to treat Vitamin D Deficiency. Cholecalciferol is inactive: it is converted to its active form by two hydroxylations: the first in the liver, the second in the kidney, to form calcitriol, whose action is mediated by the vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor which regulates the synthesis of hundreds of enzymes and is present in virtually every cell in the body. Calcitriol increases the serum calcium concentrations by increasing GI absorption of phosphorus and calcium, increasing osteoclastic resorption, and increasing distal renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Calcitriol appears to promote intestinal absorption of calcium through binding to the vitamin D receptor in the mucosal cytoplasm of the intestine. Subsequently, calcium is absorbed through formation of a calcium-binding protein.

Benzoic Acid

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8SKN0B0MIM

Status:

US Approved Rx (2016)

First marketed in 1921

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Targets:

Conditions:

Benzoic acid is a natural ingredient occurring in many foodstuffs and in plant extracts. Benzoic acid, its salts and esters are used as preservatives in cosmetic products, with a maximum concentration of 0.5 %. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate are on...

MAGNESIUM SILICATE

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9B9691B2N9

Status:

US Approved Rx (2003)

First marketed in 1921

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Conditions:

Talcum powder is made from talc, a mineral made up mainly of the elements magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. As a powder, it absorbs moisture well and helps cut down on friction, making it useful for keeping skin dry and helping to prevent rashes. It is...

COPPER

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789U1901C5

Status:

US Approved Rx (1984)

First marketed in 1921

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Conditions:

COPPER is a heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu. It is commonly used in contraceptive intrauterine devices (IUD) which birth control effectiveness is enhanced by COPPER continuously released into the uterine cavity. Mechanism(s) by wh...

BARIUM SULFATE

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25BB7EKE2E

Status:

US Approved Rx (2016)

First marketed in 1912

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Conditions:

Barium sulfate, an insoluble in water substance, which was approved under the brand name E-Z-HD for use in double-contrast radiographic examinations of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum to visualize the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in patients 12 y...

Nitrogen

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N762921K75

Status:

US Approved Rx (2013)

First marketed in 1899

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Conditions:

Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen occurs in all living organisms. It is a constituent element of amino acids and the...

refore of proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Nitrogen is found in the chemical structure of almost all neurotransmitters and is a key component of alkaloids. Specific bacteria (e. g. Rhizobium trifolium) possess nitrogenase enzymes which can fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form (ammonium ion) which is chemically useful to higher organisms. Animals use nitrogen-containing amino acids from plant sources, as starting materials for all nitrogen-compound animal biochemistry, including the manufacture of proteins and nucleic acids. Animal metabolism of NO (nitric oxide) results in production of nitrite. Animal metabolism of nitrogen in proteins generally results in excretion of urea, while animal metabolism of nucleic acids results in excretion of urea and uric acid. The characteristic odor of animal flesh decay is caused by nitrogen-containing long-chain amines, such as putrescine and cadaverine. Decay of organisms and their waste products may produce small amounts of nitrate, but most decay eventually returns nitrogen content to the atmosphere, as molecular nitrogen. The circulation of nitrogen from the atmosphere through organics and then back to the atmosphere is commonly referred to as the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen can be measured in urine with the Kjeldahl method or by spectrophotometric methods (enzymic tests). Total urinary nitrogen is calculated based on urea urinary nitrogen quantified with these methods. Liquid nitrogen (E941) is widely used in food industry as a freezing agent and as a protection against the impact of microorganisms. Nitrogen (E941) extends the period of validity of food and maintains its nutrients and is also used for packing products. In other fields of industry, nitrogen (E941) is useful in suppressing the combustion processes and in creating protective environment in order to avoid oxidation. Medical nitrogen has various medical uses, especially in liquid form when it provides temperatures as low as -196° C. Applications of medical nitrogen in the healthcare environment may include the following: * In cryopreservation for the long-term preservation of blood, blood components, other cells, body fluids or tissue samples. * In cryosurgery for minor surgical procedures in dermatology. * As a component in many gas mixtures. * As a displacement medium for sterile equipment, a non-oxidising displacement medium in pharmaceutical vials and as a propellant in pressurised aerosol dispensers. * As a source of pneumatic pressure to power gas-operated medical devices. * As a coolant for carbon dioxide surgical lasers.

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Condition

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Substance Form

Search results for "EPA PESTICIDE|CONVENTIONAL CHEMICAL" in comments (approximate match)

SULFACETAMIDE

4965G3J0F5

Niacin

2679MF687A

AMPHETAMINE SULFATE

6DPV8NK46S

Carbon Dioxide

142M471B3J

Cholecalciferol

1C6V77QF41

Benzoic Acid

8SKN0B0MIM

MAGNESIUM SILICATE

9B9691B2N9

COPPER

789U1901C5

BARIUM SULFATE

25BB7EKE2E

Nitrogen

N762921K75