U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C7H6O2
Molecular Weight 122.1213
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of Benzoic Acid

SMILES

OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1

InChI

InChIKey=WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C7H6O2/c8-7(9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H,(H,8,9)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C7H6O2
Molecular Weight 122.1213
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jh2918e/24.2.html | http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Benzoic_acid | http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/cicad26_rev_1.pdf | https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/700679/BENZOIC_ACID/

Benzoic acid is a natural ingredient occurring in many foodstuffs and in plant extracts. Benzoic acid, its salts and esters are used as preservatives in cosmetic products, with a maximum concentration of 0.5 %. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate are on the FDA list of substances that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Both may be used as antimicrobial agents, flavouring agents and as adjuvants with a current maximum level of 0.1% in food. Benzoic acid is a constituent of Whitfield Ointment, which is used for the treatment of fungal skin diseases such as tinea, ringworm, and athlete's foot. Adverse effect of Whitfield Ointment: occasionally, a localized mild inflammatory response occurs.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Curative
Whitfield’s ointment

Approved Use

Treatment of mild superficial fungal infections, particularly tinea pedis, tinea corporis and, occasionally, tinea capitis.
Curative
Whitfield’s ointment

Approved Use

Treatment of mild superficial fungal infections, particularly tinea pedis, tinea corporis and, occasionally, tinea capitis.
Primary
UCEPHAN

Approved Use

Sodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate combination is used to treat a condition caused by too much ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia).

Launch Date

1987
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
99.7 μg/mL
40 mg single, oral
dose: 40 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
BENZOIC ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
104.4 μg × h/mL
40 mg single, oral
dose: 40 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
BENZOIC ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
0.5 h
40 mg single, oral
dose: 40 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
BENZOIC ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
The role of Cys108 in Trigonopsis variabilis d-amino acid oxidase examined through chemical oxidation studies and point mutations C108S and C108D.
2010-07
Mutagenicity of electrophilic N-acyloxy-N-alkoxyamides.
2001-07-25
A novel pathway of aerobic benzoate catabolism in the bacteria Azoarcus evansii and Bacillus stearothermophilus.
2001-07-06
Characterization of the reaction mechanism for the XL-I form of bovine liver xenobiotic/medium-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase.
2001-07-01
Differential effects of naturally occurring isothiocyanates on the activities of cytochrome P450 2E1 and the mutant P450 2E1 T303A.
2001-07-01
Oral agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pharmacology, toxicity, and treatment.
2001-07
m-Iodobenzoic acid complexes with selected metals: molecular structure and antimicrobial activity.
2001-06
Mineralization of 2,4-D, mecoprop, isoproturon and terbuthylazine in a chalk aquifer.
2001-06
Reactions of O*- with methyl benzoate: a negative ion chemical ionization and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance study.
2001-06
N-hydroxybenzenecarboximidic acid derivatives: a new class of nitroxyl-generating prodrugs.
2001-06
Contact allergy to balsam of Peru. II. Patch test results in 102 patients with selected balsam of Peru constituents.
2001-06
A multicenter study of patch test reactions with dental screening series.
2001-06
Interplay between dipolar, stacking and hydrogen-bond interactions in the crystal structures of unsymmetrically substituted esters, amides and nitriles of (R,R)-O,O'-dibenzoyltartaric acid.
2001-06
Hepatic uptake and metabolism of benzoate: a multiple indicator dilution, perfused rat liver study.
2001-06
The loading module of rifamycin synthetase is an adenylation-thiolation didomain with substrate tolerance for substituted benzoates.
2001-05-22
Electric field analysis on the improved skin concentration of benzoate by electroporation.
2001-05-21
Photosensitization of crystalline and amorphous titanium dioxide by platinum(IV) chloride surface complexes.
2001-05-04
The photochemistry of 2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl benzoates: cycloaddition and intramolecular exciplex formation.
2001-05-04
Comamonas nitrativorans sp. nov., a novel denitrifier isolated from a denitrifying reactor treating landfill leachate.
2001-05
Separation of a phenol carboxylating organism from a two-member, strict anaerobic co-culture.
2001-05
Effect of several organic acids on phosphate adsorption by variable charge soils of central China.
2001-05
Tyrosine and phenylalanine catabolism by Lactobacillus cheese flavor adjuncts.
2001-05
Interaction of the novel anticonvulsant, BIA 2-093, with voltage-gated sodium channels: comparison with carbamazepine.
2001-05
Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact.
2001-05
Two dimeric CuII benzoate derivatives solvated with acetonitrile.
2001-05
Modeling the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple cider using probability distribution functions for quantitative risk assessment.
2001-05
The biosynthesis of benzoic acid glucosinolate esters in Arabidopsis thaliana.
2001-05
Asbestos causes apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells: role of iron-induced free radicals.
2001-05
Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids.
2001-05
Separation and determination of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in cranberry juice by high-performance liquid chromatography.
2001-04-13
Laterally attached liquid-crystalline polymers as stationary phases in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. III. Effect of the local anisotropic order on the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
2001-04-13
Anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds coupled to Fe(III) reduction by Ferroglobus placidus.
2001-04
Specific antioxidant activity of caffeoyl derivatives and other natural phenolic compounds: LDL protection against oxidation and decrease in the proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholine production.
2001-04
Triterpene and flavanone glycoside from Rhododendron simsii.
2001-04
Novel retinoidal tropolone derivatives. Bioisosteric relationship of tropolone ring with benzoic acid moiety in retinoid structure.
2001-04
Heterogenous and homogenous catalytic oxidation by supported gamma-FeOOH in a fluidized-bed reactor: kinetic approach.
2001-03-15
Headspace analysis of engine oil by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
2001-03-15
Hippuric acid as a modifier of calcium oxalate crystallisation.
2001-03
Hippuric acid test using 13C-labelling and NMR spectroscopy.
2001-03
[Kinetics of in vitro drug release from chitosan and N-alkyl chitosan membranes].
2001-03
A calorimetrically based method to convert toxic compounds into poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and to determine the efficiency and velocity of conversion.
2001-03
Geobacter hydrogenophilus, Geobacter chapellei and Geobacter grbiciae, three new, strictly anaerobic, dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducers.
2001-03
Desulfomonile limimaris sp. nov., an anaerobic dehalogenating bacterium from marine sediments.
2001-03
Signature metabolites attesting to the in situ attenuation of alkylbenzenes in anaerobic environments.
2001-02-15
Substrate specificity of human cathepsin D using internally quenched fluorescent peptides derived from reactive site loop of kallistatin.
2001-01-12
Acid tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its survival in apple juice.
2001
[Studies on the infrared and fluorescence spectra of europium lanthanum-benzoate complexes].
1999-08
Studies of aflatoxins in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
1992-04
[Influence of sodium benzoate, p-aminobenzoic acid and ammonium benzoate on the lethal doses of procaine and lidocaine in male rats (author's transl)].
1973-12
A system of qualitative analysis for the common metals in presence of phosphates, using ammonium benzoate.
1947-10
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: oral-rat LD50 825 mg/kg oral-mouse LD50 235 mg/kg intravenous-rabbit LDLo 400 mg/kg
Route of Administration: Other
Colorimetric titration of protein thiol groups revealed that in the presence of ammonium benzoate (0.12 mM), the two muteins were not oxidized at cysteines whereas in the wild-type enzyme, one thiol group was derivatized.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
Record UNII
8SKN0B0MIM
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
BENZOICUM ACIDUM
HPUS  
Preferred Name English
Benzoic Acid
EP   FCC   FHFI   GREEN BOOK   HSDB   II   INCI   MART.   MI   USP   USP-RS   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INCI  
Official Name English
PHENYLFORMIC ACID
Systematic Name English
BENZOIC ACID [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
Benzoic acid [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
BENZOATE
Systematic Name English
BENZOIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
B A
Common Name English
VEVOVITALL
Brand Name English
BENZENEFORMIC ACID
Systematic Name English
METRONIDAZOLE BENZOATE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
FEMA NO. 2131
Code English
INS-210
Code English
BENZOIC ACID [VANDF]
Common Name English
PHENYLCARBOXYLIC ACID
Systematic Name English
BENZOIC ACID [GREEN BOOK]
Common Name English
METHYLAMINOLEVULINATE HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY I [EP]
Common Name English
BENZOIC ACID [MI]
Common Name English
INS NO.210
Code English
BENZOIC ACID [JAN]
Common Name English
ACIDUM BENZOICUM [WHO-IP LATIN]
Common Name English
TIAPROFENIC ACID IMPURITY D [EP]
Common Name English
BENZOIC ACID [II]
Common Name English
BENZENECARBOXYLIC ACID
Systematic Name English
DRACYLIC ACID
Common Name English
NSC-149
Code English
BENZOICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]
Common Name English
BENZOIC ACID [MART.]
Common Name English
BENZOIC ACID (E 210)
Common Name English
BENZOIC ACID [USP-RS]
Common Name English
BENZOIC ACID [HSDB]
Common Name English
MENNO-FLORADES
Brand Name English
CARBOXYBENZENE
Systematic Name English
BENZOIC ACID [FCC]
Common Name English
E-210
Code English
BENZOIC ACID [WHO-IP]
Common Name English
HYDROUS BENZOYL PEROXIDE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
MEFENAMIC ACID IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
BENZENEMETHANOIC ACID
Systematic Name English
BENZOIC ACID [FHFI]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
JECFA EVALUATION INS-210
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 11385
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 77993
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000175807
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
EPA PESTICIDE CODE 9101
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000175806
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
CFR 21 CFR 310.527
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
LOINC 75065-3
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
CFR 21 CFR 573.210
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 365712
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS (GSFA) INS-210
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
CFR 21 CFR 184.1021
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
NCI_THESAURUS
C45678
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
CONCEPT Industrial Aid
FDA UNII
8SKN0B0MIM
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RXCUI
70589
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
ALTERNATIVE
CHEBI
30746
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000090433
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
WHO INTERNATIONAL PHARMACOPEIA
BENZOIC ACID
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Description: Colourless, light, feathery crystals or a white, microcrystalline powder; odour, characteristic, faint. Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS, ether R. Category: Dermatological agent. Storage: Benzoic acid should be kept in a well-closed container. Definition: Benzoic acid contains not less than 99.0% and not more than 100.5% of C7H6O2, calculated with reference to the anhydrous substance.
DAILYMED
8SKN0B0MIM
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NSC
149
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C61646
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MESH
D019817
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL541
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
HSDB
704
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
JECFA MONOGRAPH
743
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m2363
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY Merck Index
RXCUI
18989
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1055002
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
243
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID6020143
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CHEBI
16150
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
BENZOIC ACID
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB03793
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB12469MIG
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
CAS
65-85-0
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
200-618-2
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
4664
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:47:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (TLC)
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
DERIVATIVE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT
MIC 320 mg/L for ATCC 700392 and ATCC 700824 strains of H. pylori.
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT
TARGET -> INHIBITOR
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT
Related Record Type Details
PRODRUG -> METABOLITE ACTIVE
METABOLITE -> PARENT
URINE
METABOLITE -> PARENT
in horse urine
URINE
PARENT -> METABOLITE
Related Record Type Details
PARENT -> IMPURITY
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
PARENT -> IMPURITY
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
PARENT -> IMPURITY
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
PARENT -> IMPURITY
Correction factors: for the calculation of contents, multiply the peak areas by 4.0
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
PARENT -> IMPURITY
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
PARENT -> IMPURITY
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY
http://apps.who.int/phint/pdf/b/Jb.6.1.49.pdf