U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS
This repository is under review for potential modification in compliance with Administration directives.

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula CO2
Molecular Weight 44.0095
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of Carbon Dioxide

SMILES

O=C=O

InChI

InChIKey=CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas occurring naturally in Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a primary carbon source for life on Earth. It is produced by all aerobic organisms during metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Carbon dioxide is used in food industry as an acidity regulator and for production of carbonated soft drinks and soda water. In medicine, carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area. A mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is used for stimulation of breathing after apnea, in anesthetic procedures to increase the depth of respiration, to facilitate blind intubations in anesthetic practice.

CNS Activity

Curator's Comment: Carbon dioxide is naturally produced in all tissues.

Approval Year

Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Unknown

Approved Use

Carbon dioxide is used to stimulate respiration after a period of apnoea
Primary
Unknown

Approved Use

Carbon dioxide is used in chronic respiratory obstruction after it has been relieved
Palliative
Unknown

Approved Use

Carbon dioxide is used to increase cerebral blood flow in arteriosclerotic patients undergoing surgery
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Oxidative degradation of phenanthrene by the ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
1992 Jun
Kinetics of chromium (VI) reduction by a type strain Shewanella alga under different growth conditions.
2001
Prevention of caries by pulsed CO2 laser pre-treatment of enamel: an in-vitro study.
2001 Dec
On-line estimation of the metabolic burden resulting from the synthesis of plasmid-encoded and heat-shock proteins by monitoring respiratory energy generation.
2001 Dec
Cloning and functional expression of an MIP (AQP0) homolog from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) lens.
2001 Dec
UV-irradiated biodegradability of ethylene--propylene copolymers, LDPE, and I-PP in composting and culture environments.
2001 Fall
A combined carbon dioxide/erbium laser for soft and hard tissue procedures.
2001 Jan
Primary donor photo-oxidation in photosystem I: a re-evaluation of (P700(+) - P700) Fourier transform infrared difference spectra.
2001 Oct 30
Posttraining administration of gastrin-releasing peptide improves memory loss in scopolamine- and hypoxia-induced amnesic mice.
2001 Sep 1-15
Reduced natriuretic response to acute sodium loading in COMT gene deleted mice.
2002 Aug 21
Observations on the early results of treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis using cidofovir.
2002 Dec
Spontaneous disappearance of refractory viral warts at distant sites following carbon-dioxide laser treatment.
2002 Dec
Selective detection and assignment of the solution NMR signals of bacteriochlorophyll a in a reconstituted subunit of a light-harvesting complex.
2002 Feb 13
Gas-phase ozonolysis of alkenes: formation of OH from anti carbonyl oxides.
2002 Jul 24
HPV in "carcinoma in situ" associated with HIV/AIDS infection: a case report.
2002 Mar-Apr
Chemical inactivation of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase allows for the accumulation of salicylic acid in elicited cells.
2002 Oct
Site of nucleophilic attack and ring opening of five-membered heterocyclic 2,3-diones: a density functional theory study.
2002 Oct 18
Induction of carbofuran oxidation to 4-hydroxycarbofuran by Pseudomonas sp. 50432.
2002 Sep 10
[Effectiveness of ketonal and diclofenac in spondylarthrosis complicated with spinal pain].
2003
Supercritical fluid processing of proteins: lysozyme precipitation from aqueous solution.
2003 Feb
Can preconditioning reduce laparoscopy-induced tissue injury?
2003 May
High-sensitivity photoacoustic leak testing.
2003 Oct
Carbon-dioxide laser-assisted tonsil ablation for adults with chronic tonsillitis: a 6-month follow-up study.
2003 Sep
Energy cost and cardiorespiratory changes during the practice of Surya Namaskar.
2004 Apr
Anesthesiological hazards during laparoscopic transhiatal esophageal resection: a case control study of the laparoscopic-assisted vs the conventional approach.
2004 Aug
Antiangiogenic therapy with pioglitazone, rofecoxib, and trofosfamide in a patient with endemic kaposi sarcoma.
2004 Dec
Dynamic co-evolution of peptides and chemical energetics, a gateway to the emergence of homochirality and the catalytic activity of peptides.
2004 Feb
FTIR difference spectroscopy in combination with isotope labeling for identification of the carbonyl modes of P700 and P700+ in photosystem I.
2004 Feb
Lack of difference in the rates of hypopigmentation with 90-microsecond pulsed and longer dwell time carbon-dioxide laser resurfacing.
2004 Feb
CO2, not HCO3-, facilitates oxidations by Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase plus H2O2.
2004 Jan 20
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected medicinal plants--effects of high pressure and added ethanol on yield of extracted substances.
2004 Jan-Feb
Treatment of vitiligo by transplantation of cultured pure melanocyte suspension: analysis of 120 cases.
2004 Jul
Use of CO2/O2 anesthesia in the collection of samples for serum corticosterone analysis from Fischer 344 rats.
2004 Mar
Hypoxia up-regulates triosephosphate isomerase expression via a HIF-dependent pathway.
2004 May
Enzymatic reactions in anaerobic 2-methylnaphthalene degradation by the sulphate-reducing enrichment culture N 47.
2004 Nov 1
Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley alkynylation of aldehydes: essential modification of aluminium alkoxides for rate acceleration and asymmetric synthesis.
2004 Nov 21
Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm capacitation / acrosome reaction.
2004 Nov 9
Metabolism of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by Rhodococcus rhodochrous.
2004 Oct
Photochemical preparation of highly functionalized 1-indanones.
2004 Oct 29
Difference between diabetic and nondiabetic smokers in the pituitary response to physical exercise.
2004 Sep
Retention characteristics of porous graphitic carbon in subcritical fluid chromatography with carbon dioxide-methanol mobile phases.
2004 Sep 3
Anti-L-selectin antibody therapy does not worsen the postseptic course in a baboon model.
2005
Isolation and characterization of a rhodococcus species strain able to grow on ortho- and para-xylene.
2005 Aug
Physico-chemical characteristics of Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles varuna breeding water in a dry zone stream in Sri Lanka.
2005 Jun
Identification of 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid, 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and 2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoic acid and related enzymes involved in testosterone degradation in Comamonas testosteroni TA441.
2005 Sep
Pictet-Spengler reactions in multiphasic supercritical carbon dioxide/CO2-expanded liquid media. In situ generation of carbamates as a strategy for reactions of amines in supercritical carbon dioxide.
2005 Sep 21
Differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells into cells with a neural phenotype: diverse effects of two specific treatments.
2006 Feb 16
Ultrafast transient absorption studies on photosystem I reaction centers from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 2: mutations near the P700 reaction center chlorophylls provide new insight into the nature of the primary electron donor.
2006 Jan 15
Potentiating effect of tramadol on methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice.
2006 Mar
Characterisation of stationary phases in subcritical fluid chromatography with the solvation parameter model. III. Polar stationary phases.
2006 Mar 31
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Carbon dioxide is usually administered through the lungs by inhalation. The major exceptions are when a metered supply is fed into the oxygenator of an extracorporeal circulation of a cardiopulmonary bypass system, and when the gas is used for laparoscopic surgery. As an additive to beverages, carbon dioxide is consumed orally.
Route of Administration: Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Unknown
Name Type Language
Carbon Dioxide
EP   FCC   HSDB   II   INCI   MART.   MI   USP   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INCI  
Official Name English
E-290
Preferred Name English
CARBON DIOXIDE [GREEN BOOK]
Common Name English
INS NO.290
Code English
CARBON DIOXIDE [HSDB]
Common Name English
CARBON DIOXIDE [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
DRY ICE (SOLID FORM)
Common Name English
CARBON DIOXIDE [VANDF]
Common Name English
INS-290
Code English
CARBON DIOXIDE [JAN]
Common Name English
CARBON DIOXIDE [II]
Common Name English
CO2
Common Name English
CARBON DIOXIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
CARBON DIOXIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
CARBON DIOXIDE [MI]
Common Name English
CARBON DIOXIDE [FCC]
Common Name English
Carbon dioxide [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
CARBONIC ACID ANHYDRIDE
Systematic Name English
CARBON DIOXIDE [MART.]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
LOINC 16551-4
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NDF-RT N0000180185
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NDF-RT N0000010258
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LOINC 32306-3
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JECFA EVALUATION INS-290
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WHO-ATC A06AX02
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LOINC 19212-0
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CFR 21 CFR 862.1160
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LOINC 39466-8
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS (GSFA) INS-290
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EPA PESTICIDE CODE 16601
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LOINC 2027-1
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LOINC 38253-1
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WHO-VATC QA06AX02
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG 465114
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LOINC 57923-5
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DSLD 3848 (Number of products:1)
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CFR 21 CFR 184.1240
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LOINC 2023-0
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WHO-VATC QV03AN02
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WHO-ATC V03AN02
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Code System Code Type Description
DRUG CENTRAL
4256
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:04:25 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:04:25 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
142M471B3J
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:04:25 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:04:25 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000076280
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PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB09157
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PRIMARY
CAS
124-38-9
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PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID4027028
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PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m3079
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PRIMARY Merck Index
HSDB
516
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PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1231871
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PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
CARBON DIOXIDE
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PRIMARY
DAILYMED
142M471B3J
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PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
280
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PRIMARY
MESH
D002245
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PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C65288
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PRIMARY
RXCUI
2034
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PRIMARY RxNorm
EVMPD
SUB13243MIG
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PRIMARY
CHEBI
16526
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PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
204-696-9
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PRIMARY