Carbon Dioxide

First marketed in 1925

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	CO2
Molecular Weight	44.0095
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O=C=O

InChI

InChIKey=CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0471238961.0301180216090518.a01.pub2/abstract | http://www.bochealthcare.co.uk/en/products-and-services/products-and-services-by-category/medical-gases/carbon-dioxide/medical-carbon-dioxide.html | https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0

Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas occurring naturally in Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a primary carbon source for life on Earth. It is produced by all aerobic organisms during metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Carbon dioxide is used in food industry as an acidity regulator and for production of carbonated soft drinks and soda water. In medicine, carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area. A mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is used for stimulation of breathing after apnea, in anesthetic procedures to increase the depth of respiration, to facilitate blind intubations in anesthetic practice.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Apnea 1 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used to stimulate respiration after a period of apnoea
Chronic respiratory obstruction 1 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used in chronic respiratory obstruction after it has been relieved
Arteriosclerosis 3 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21521758	Palliative	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used to increase cerebral blood flow in arteriosclerotic patients undergoing surgery

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Oxidative degradation of phenanthrene by the ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.	1992 Jun	1622259
Kinetics of chromium (VI) reduction by a type strain Shewanella alga under different growth conditions.	2001	11706794
Prevention of caries by pulsed CO2 laser pre-treatment of enamel: an in-vitro study.	2001 Dec	12396093
On-line estimation of the metabolic burden resulting from the synthesis of plasmid-encoded and heat-shock proteins by monitoring respiratory energy generation.	2001 Dec	11745161
Cloning and functional expression of an MIP (AQP0) homolog from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) lens.	2001 Dec	11705786
UV-irradiated biodegradability of ethylene--propylene copolymers, LDPE, and I-PP in composting and culture environments.	2001 Fall	11710045
A combined carbon dioxide/erbium laser for soft and hard tissue procedures.	2001 Jan	12524889
Primary donor photo-oxidation in photosystem I: a re-evaluation of (P700(+) - P700) Fourier transform infrared difference spectra.	2001 Oct 30	11669631
Posttraining administration of gastrin-releasing peptide improves memory loss in scopolamine- and hypoxia-induced amnesic mice.	2001 Sep 1-15	11564462
Reduced natriuretic response to acute sodium loading in COMT gene deleted mice.	2002 Aug 21	12188925
Observations on the early results of treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis using cidofovir.	2002 Dec	12593542
Spontaneous disappearance of refractory viral warts at distant sites following carbon-dioxide laser treatment.	2002 Dec	12550131
Selective detection and assignment of the solution NMR signals of bacteriochlorophyll a in a reconstituted subunit of a light-harvesting complex.	2002 Feb 13	11829616
Gas-phase ozonolysis of alkenes: formation of OH from anti carbonyl oxides.	2002 Jul 24	12121079
HPV in "carcinoma in situ" associated with HIV/AIDS infection: a case report.	2002 Mar-Apr	11887014
Chemical inactivation of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase allows for the accumulation of salicylic acid in elicited cells.	2002 Oct	12376665
Site of nucleophilic attack and ring opening of five-membered heterocyclic 2,3-diones: a density functional theory study.	2002 Oct 18	12375982
Induction of carbofuran oxidation to 4-hydroxycarbofuran by Pseudomonas sp. 50432.	2002 Sep 10	12351226
[Effectiveness of ketonal and diclofenac in spondylarthrosis complicated with spinal pain].	2003	14971161
Supercritical fluid processing of proteins: lysozyme precipitation from aqueous solution.	2003 Feb	12631410
Can preconditioning reduce laparoscopy-induced tissue injury?	2003 May	12584602
High-sensitivity photoacoustic leak testing.	2003 Oct	14587593
Carbon-dioxide laser-assisted tonsil ablation for adults with chronic tonsillitis: a 6-month follow-up study.	2003 Sep	12700916
Energy cost and cardiorespiratory changes during the practice of Surya Namaskar.	2004 Apr	15521557
Anesthesiological hazards during laparoscopic transhiatal esophageal resection: a case control study of the laparoscopic-assisted vs the conventional approach.	2004 Aug	15164280
Antiangiogenic therapy with pioglitazone, rofecoxib, and trofosfamide in a patient with endemic kaposi sarcoma.	2004 Dec	15611430
Dynamic co-evolution of peptides and chemical energetics, a gateway to the emergence of homochirality and the catalytic activity of peptides.	2004 Feb	14979643
FTIR difference spectroscopy in combination with isotope labeling for identification of the carbonyl modes of P700 and P700+ in photosystem I.	2004 Feb	14747341
Lack of difference in the rates of hypopigmentation with 90-microsecond pulsed and longer dwell time carbon-dioxide laser resurfacing.	2004 Feb	14726880
CO2, not HCO3-, facilitates oxidations by Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase plus H2O2.	2004 Jan 20	14711995
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected medicinal plants--effects of high pressure and added ethanol on yield of extracted substances.	2004 Jan-Feb	14979527
Treatment of vitiligo by transplantation of cultured pure melanocyte suspension: analysis of 120 cases.	2004 Jul	15243526
Use of CO2/O2 anesthesia in the collection of samples for serum corticosterone analysis from Fischer 344 rats.	2004 Mar	15053500
Hypoxia up-regulates triosephosphate isomerase expression via a HIF-dependent pathway.	2004 May	14762718
Enzymatic reactions in anaerobic 2-methylnaphthalene degradation by the sulphate-reducing enrichment culture N 47.	2004 Nov 1	15500985
Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley alkynylation of aldehydes: essential modification of aluminium alkoxides for rate acceleration and asymmetric synthesis.	2004 Nov 21	15534709
Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm capacitation / acrosome reaction.	2004 Nov 9	15535886
Metabolism of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by Rhodococcus rhodochrous.	2004 Oct	15466583
Photochemical preparation of highly functionalized 1-indanones.	2004 Oct 29	15497985
Difference between diabetic and nondiabetic smokers in the pituitary response to physical exercise.	2004 Sep	15334375
Retention characteristics of porous graphitic carbon in subcritical fluid chromatography with carbon dioxide-methanol mobile phases.	2004 Sep 3	15453424
Anti-L-selectin antibody therapy does not worsen the postseptic course in a baboon model.	2005	16356222
Isolation and characterization of a rhodococcus species strain able to grow on ortho- and para-xylene.	2005 Aug	16145546
Physico-chemical characteristics of Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles varuna breeding water in a dry zone stream in Sri Lanka.	2005 Jun	16161702
Identification of 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid, 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and 2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoic acid and related enzymes involved in testosterone degradation in Comamonas testosteroni TA441.	2005 Sep	16151114
Pictet-Spengler reactions in multiphasic supercritical carbon dioxide/CO2-expanded liquid media. In situ generation of carbamates as a strategy for reactions of amines in supercritical carbon dioxide.	2005 Sep 21	16136252
Differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells into cells with a neural phenotype: diverse effects of two specific treatments.	2006 Feb 16	16483379
Ultrafast transient absorption studies on photosystem I reaction centers from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 2: mutations near the P700 reaction center chlorophylls provide new insight into the nature of the primary electron donor.	2006 Jan 15	16258055
Potentiating effect of tramadol on methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice.	2006 Mar	16432683
Characterisation of stationary phases in subcritical fluid chromatography with the solvation parameter model. III. Polar stationary phases.	2006 Mar 31	16487536

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Carbon dioxide is usually administered through the lungs by inhalation. The major exceptions are when a metered supply is fed into the oxygenator of an extracorporeal circulation of a cardiopulmonary bypass system, and when the gas is used for laparoscopic surgery. As an additive to beverages, carbon dioxide is consumed orally.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Name

Type

Language

Carbon Dioxide

Official Name

English

E-290

Preferred Name

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

INS NO.290

Code

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

DRY ICE (SOLID FORM)

Common Name

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

INS-290

Code

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [JAN]

Common Name

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [II]

Common Name

English

CO2

Common Name

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [FCC]

Common Name

English

Carbon dioxide [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

CARBONIC ACID ANHYDRIDE

Systematic Name

English

CARBON DIOXIDE [MART.]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

LOINC

16551-4