Carbon dioxide

First marketed in 1925

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	CO2
Molecular Weight	44.0095
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O=C=O

InChI

InChIKey=CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	CO2
Molecular Weight	44.0095
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0471238961.0301180216090518.a01.pub2/abstract | http://www.bochealthcare.co.uk/en/products-and-services/products-and-services-by-category/medical-gases/carbon-dioxide/medical-carbon-dioxide.html | https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0

Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas occurring naturally in Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a primary carbon source for life on Earth. It is produced by all aerobic organisms during metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Carbon dioxide is used in food industry as an acidity regulator and for production of carbonated soft drinks and soda water. In medicine, carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area. A mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is used for stimulation of breathing after apnea, in anesthetic procedures to increase the depth of respiration, to facilitate blind intubations in anesthetic practice.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Apnea 1 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used to stimulate respiration after a period of apnoea
Chronic respiratory obstruction 1 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used in chronic respiratory obstruction after it has been relieved
Arteriosclerosis 3 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21521758	Palliative	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used to increase cerebral blood flow in arteriosclerotic patients undergoing surgery

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Oxidative degradation of phenanthrene by the ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.	1992 Jun	1622259
Crystal structure of NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase.	1992 Jun 1	1597184
Degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol by two Rhodococcus erythropolis strains, HL 24-1 and HL 24-2.	1992 Sep	1444407
[Comparative estimation of effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for postoperative pain management].	2003	14997820
[Effectiveness of ketonal and diclofenac in spondylarthrosis complicated with spinal pain].	2003	14971161
Mutation induced modulation of hydrogen bonding to P700 studied using FTIR difference spectroscopy.	2003 Aug 26	12924937
[Effect of premedication on the formation of postoperative pain syndrome].	2003 Jul-Aug	14524007
Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for the treatment of snoring and mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.	2003 Jun	12921136
High-sensitivity photoacoustic leak testing.	2003 Oct	14587593
Identification of intramembrane hydrogen bonding between 13(1) keto group of bacteriochlorophyll and serine residue alpha27 in the LH2 light-harvesting complex.	2003 Oct 17	14556909
Energy cost and cardiorespiratory changes during the practice of Surya Namaskar.	2004 Apr	15521557
Anesthesiological hazards during laparoscopic transhiatal esophageal resection: a case control study of the laparoscopic-assisted vs the conventional approach.	2004 Aug	15164280
Antiangiogenic therapy with pioglitazone, rofecoxib, and trofosfamide in a patient with endemic kaposi sarcoma.	2004 Dec	15611430
Tretinoin treatment before carbon-dioxide laser resurfacing: a clinical and biochemical analysis.	2004 Dec	15583586
Isolation and characterization of a novel sphingomonad capable of growth with chrysene as sole carbon and energy source.	2004 Dec 15	15598525
Dynamic co-evolution of peptides and chemical energetics, a gateway to the emergence of homochirality and the catalytic activity of peptides.	2004 Feb	14979643
CO2, not HCO3-, facilitates oxidations by Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase plus H2O2.	2004 Jan 20	14711995
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected medicinal plants--effects of high pressure and added ethanol on yield of extracted substances.	2004 Jan-Feb	14979527
Influence of the organophosphorus insecticide phosphamidon on lentic water.	2004 Jul	15847349
Treatment of vitiligo by transplantation of cultured pure melanocyte suspension: analysis of 120 cases.	2004 Jul	15243526
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of chamomile flowers: extraction efficiency, stability, and in-line inclusion of chamomile-carbon dioxide extract in beta-cyclodextrin.	2004 Jul-Aug	15311845
Direct determination of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution using mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers.	2004 Jun	15198817
Use of CO2/O2 anesthesia in the collection of samples for serum corticosterone analysis from Fischer 344 rats.	2004 Mar	15053500
Enzymatic reactions in anaerobic 2-methylnaphthalene degradation by the sulphate-reducing enrichment culture N 47.	2004 Nov 1	15500985
Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley alkynylation of aldehydes: essential modification of aluminium alkoxides for rate acceleration and asymmetric synthesis.	2004 Nov 21	15534709
Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm capacitation / acrosome reaction.	2004 Nov 9	15535886
Metabolism of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by Rhodococcus rhodochrous.	2004 Oct	15466583
Photochemical preparation of highly functionalized 1-indanones.	2004 Oct 29	15497985
Difference between diabetic and nondiabetic smokers in the pituitary response to physical exercise.	2004 Sep	15334375
Retention characteristics of porous graphitic carbon in subcritical fluid chromatography with carbon dioxide-methanol mobile phases.	2004 Sep 3	15453424
Anti-L-selectin antibody therapy does not worsen the postseptic course in a baboon model.	2005	16356222
Effects of the cortisol synthesis inhibitor metyrapone on the response to carbon dioxide challenge in panic disorder.	2005	16001448
Coupling aggressive mass removal with microbial reductive dechlorination for remediation of DNAPL source zones: a review and assessment.	2005 Apr	15811838
Isolation and characterization of a rhodococcus species strain able to grow on ortho- and para-xylene.	2005 Aug	16145546
Metabolism of the aliphatic nitramine 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal by Methylobacterium sp. strain JS178.	2005 Aug	16085803
Optical-fiber-to-waveguide coupling using carbon-dioxide-laser-induced long-period fiber gratings.	2005 Aug 15	16127916
Laryngeal amyloidosis.	2005 Feb	15966479
Angiokeratoma circumscriptum naeviforme: successful treatment with carbon-dioxide laser vaporization.	2005 Feb	15762221
A1 reduction in intact cyanobacterial photosystem I particles studied by time-resolved step-scan Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy and isotope labeling.	2005 Feb 15	15697214
Low-concentration carbon dioxide is an effective adjunct to positive airway pressure in the treatment of refractory mixed central and obstructive sleep-disordered breathing.	2005 Jan	15700722
[Development of gastrotonometry and the future of its use in the monitoring of critically ill patients].	2005 Jan 23	15751509
Pathways and metabolites of microbial degradation of selected acidic pharmaceutical and their occurrence in municipal wastewater treated by a membrane bioreactor.	2005 Jul	15979124
Strong effects of an individual water molecule on the rate of light-driven charge separation in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center.	2005 Jul 22	15908429
Physico-chemical characteristics of Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles varuna breeding water in a dry zone stream in Sri Lanka.	2005 Jun	16161702
Identification of 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid, 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and 2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoic acid and related enzymes involved in testosterone degradation in Comamonas testosteroni TA441.	2005 Sep	16151114
Pictet-Spengler reactions in multiphasic supercritical carbon dioxide/CO2-expanded liquid media. In situ generation of carbamates as a strategy for reactions of amines in supercritical carbon dioxide.	2005 Sep 21	16136252
Differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells into cells with a neural phenotype: diverse effects of two specific treatments.	2006 Feb 16	16483379
Ultrafast transient absorption studies on photosystem I reaction centers from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 2: mutations near the P700 reaction center chlorophylls provide new insight into the nature of the primary electron donor.	2006 Jan 15	16258055
Potentiating effect of tramadol on methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice.	2006 Mar	16432683
Characterisation of stationary phases in subcritical fluid chromatography with the solvation parameter model. III. Polar stationary phases.	2006 Mar 31	16487536

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Carbon dioxide is usually administered through the lungs by inhalation. The major exceptions are when a metered supply is fed into the oxygenator of an extracorporeal circulation of a cardiopulmonary bypass system, and when the gas is used for laparoscopic surgery. As an additive to beverages, carbon dioxide is consumed orally.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:39:24 UTC 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:39:24 UTC 2023`
Record UNII	142M471B3J
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Classification Tree Code System Code

LOINC

16551-4