Carbon Dioxide

First marketed in 1925

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	CO2
Molecular Weight	44.0095
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O=C=O

InChI

InChIKey=CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	CO2
Molecular Weight	44.0095
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0471238961.0301180216090518.a01.pub2/abstract | http://www.bochealthcare.co.uk/en/products-and-services/products-and-services-by-category/medical-gases/carbon-dioxide/medical-carbon-dioxide.html | https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0

Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas occurring naturally in Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a primary carbon source for life on Earth. It is produced by all aerobic organisms during metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Carbon dioxide is used in food industry as an acidity regulator and for production of carbonated soft drinks and soda water. In medicine, carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area. A mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is used for stimulation of breathing after apnea, in anesthetic procedures to increase the depth of respiration, to facilitate blind intubations in anesthetic practice.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Apnea 1 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used to stimulate respiration after a period of apnoea
Chronic respiratory obstruction 1 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0	Primary	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used in chronic respiratory obstruction after it has been relieved
Arteriosclerosis 3 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21521758	Palliative	Approved 8583	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used to increase cerebral blood flow in arteriosclerotic patients undergoing surgery

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Characterisation of stationary phases in subcritical fluid chromatography with the solvation parameter model. III. Polar stationary phases.	2006-03-31	16487536
Potentiating effect of tramadol on methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice.	2006-03	16432683
Differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells into cells with a neural phenotype: diverse effects of two specific treatments.	2006-02-16	16483379
Ultrafast transient absorption studies on photosystem I reaction centers from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 2: mutations near the P700 reaction center chlorophylls provide new insight into the nature of the primary electron donor.	2006-01-15	16258055
Pictet-Spengler reactions in multiphasic supercritical carbon dioxide/CO2-expanded liquid media. In situ generation of carbamates as a strategy for reactions of amines in supercritical carbon dioxide.	2005-09-21	16136252
Identification of 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid, 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and 2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoic acid and related enzymes involved in testosterone degradation in Comamonas testosteroni TA441.	2005-09	16151114
Optical-fiber-to-waveguide coupling using carbon-dioxide-laser-induced long-period fiber gratings.	2005-08-15	16127916
Isolation and characterization of a rhodococcus species strain able to grow on ortho- and para-xylene.	2005-08	16145546
Metabolism of the aliphatic nitramine 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal by Methylobacterium sp. strain JS178.	2005-08	16085803
Strong effects of an individual water molecule on the rate of light-driven charge separation in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center.	2005-07-22	15908429
Pathways and metabolites of microbial degradation of selected acidic pharmaceutical and their occurrence in municipal wastewater treated by a membrane bioreactor.	2005-07	15979124
Physico-chemical characteristics of Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles varuna breeding water in a dry zone stream in Sri Lanka.	2005-06	16161702
Coupling aggressive mass removal with microbial reductive dechlorination for remediation of DNAPL source zones: a review and assessment.	2005-04	15811838
A1 reduction in intact cyanobacterial photosystem I particles studied by time-resolved step-scan Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy and isotope labeling.	2005-02-15	15697214
Laryngeal amyloidosis.	2005-02	15966479
Angiokeratoma circumscriptum naeviforme: successful treatment with carbon-dioxide laser vaporization.	2005-02	15762221
[Development of gastrotonometry and the future of its use in the monitoring of critically ill patients].	2005-01-23	15751509
Low-concentration carbon dioxide is an effective adjunct to positive airway pressure in the treatment of refractory mixed central and obstructive sleep-disordered breathing.	2005-01	15700722
Anti-L-selectin antibody therapy does not worsen the postseptic course in a baboon model.	2005	16356222
Effects of the cortisol synthesis inhibitor metyrapone on the response to carbon dioxide challenge in panic disorder.	2005	16001448
Isolation and characterization of a novel sphingomonad capable of growth with chrysene as sole carbon and energy source.	2004-12-15	15598525
Antiangiogenic therapy with pioglitazone, rofecoxib, and trofosfamide in a patient with endemic kaposi sarcoma.	2004-12	15611430
Tretinoin treatment before carbon-dioxide laser resurfacing: a clinical and biochemical analysis.	2004-12	15583586
Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley alkynylation of aldehydes: essential modification of aluminium alkoxides for rate acceleration and asymmetric synthesis.	2004-11-21	15534709
Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm capacitation / acrosome reaction.	2004-11-09	15535886
Enzymatic reactions in anaerobic 2-methylnaphthalene degradation by the sulphate-reducing enrichment culture N 47.	2004-11-01	15500985
Photochemical preparation of highly functionalized 1-indanones.	2004-10-29	15497985
Metabolism of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by Rhodococcus rhodochrous.	2004-10	15466583
Retention characteristics of porous graphitic carbon in subcritical fluid chromatography with carbon dioxide-methanol mobile phases.	2004-09-03	15453424
Difference between diabetic and nondiabetic smokers in the pituitary response to physical exercise.	2004-09	15334375
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of chamomile flowers: extraction efficiency, stability, and in-line inclusion of chamomile-carbon dioxide extract in beta-cyclodextrin.	2004-08-18	15311845
Anesthesiological hazards during laparoscopic transhiatal esophageal resection: a case control study of the laparoscopic-assisted vs the conventional approach.	2004-08	15164280
Influence of the organophosphorus insecticide phosphamidon on lentic water.	2004-07	15847349
Treatment of vitiligo by transplantation of cultured pure melanocyte suspension: analysis of 120 cases.	2004-07	15243526
Direct determination of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution using mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers.	2004-06	15198817
Hypoxia up-regulates triosephosphate isomerase expression via a HIF-dependent pathway.	2004-05	14762718
Energy cost and cardiorespiratory changes during the practice of Surya Namaskar.	2004-04	15521557
Use of CO2/O2 anesthesia in the collection of samples for serum corticosterone analysis from Fischer 344 rats.	2004-03	15053500
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected medicinal plants--effects of high pressure and added ethanol on yield of extracted substances.	2004-02-26	14979527
Dynamic co-evolution of peptides and chemical energetics, a gateway to the emergence of homochirality and the catalytic activity of peptides.	2004-02	14979643
FTIR difference spectroscopy in combination with isotope labeling for identification of the carbonyl modes of P700 and P700+ in photosystem I.	2004-02	14747341
Lack of difference in the rates of hypopigmentation with 90-microsecond pulsed and longer dwell time carbon-dioxide laser resurfacing.	2004-02	14726880
CO2, not HCO3-, facilitates oxidations by Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase plus H2O2.	2004-01-20	14711995
[Severe nephrotic syndrome in a young man taking anabolic steroid and creatine long term].	2003-12-07	14725210
Identification of intramembrane hydrogen bonding between 13(1) keto group of bacteriochlorophyll and serine residue alpha27 in the LH2 light-harvesting complex.	2003-10-17	14556909
High-sensitivity photoacoustic leak testing.	2003-10	14587593
[Comparative estimation of effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for postoperative pain management].	2003	14997820
[Effectiveness of ketonal and diclofenac in spondylarthrosis complicated with spinal pain].	2003	14971161
Crystal structure of NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase.	1992-06-01	1597184
Oxidative degradation of phenanthrene by the ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.	1992-06	1622259

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Carbon dioxide is usually administered through the lungs by inhalation. The major exceptions are when a metered supply is fed into the oxygenator of an extracorporeal circulation of a cardiopulmonary bypass system, and when the gas is used for laparoscopic surgery. As an additive to beverages, carbon dioxide is consumed orally.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:04:25 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:04:25 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	142M471B3J
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Classification Tree Code System Code

LOINC

16551-4