Carbon dioxide

First marketed in 1925

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	CO2
Molecular Weight	44.0095
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O=C=O

InChI

InChIKey=CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	CO2
Molecular Weight	44.0095
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0471238961.0301180216090518.a01.pub2/abstract | http://www.bochealthcare.co.uk/en/products-and-services/products-and-services-by-category/medical-gases/carbon-dioxide/medical-carbon-dioxide.html | https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0

Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas occurring naturally in Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a primary carbon source for life on Earth. It is produced by all aerobic organisms during metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Carbon dioxide is used in food industry as an acidity regulator and for production of carbonated soft drinks and soda water. In medicine, carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area. A mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is used for stimulation of breathing after apnea, in anesthetic procedures to increase the depth of respiration, to facilitate blind intubations in anesthetic practice.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Apnea 1 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used to stimulate respiration after a period of apnoea
Chronic respiratory obstruction 1 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_carbon_dioxide410_56027.pdf?v=2.0	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used in chronic respiratory obstruction after it has been relieved
Arteriosclerosis 3 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21521758	Palliative	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Carbon dioxide is used to increase cerebral blood flow in arteriosclerotic patients undergoing surgery

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Identification of an extracellular agent [correction of catalyst] of carbon tetrachloride dehalogenation from Pseudomonas stutzeri strain KC as pyridine-2, 6-bis(thiocarboxylate).	1999 Aug 11	10441466
Characteristic hydrogen concentrations for various redox processes in batch study.	2001	11688686
Prevention of caries by pulsed CO2 laser pre-treatment of enamel: an in-vitro study.	2001 Dec	12396093
Modulation by muscarinic antagonists of the response to carbon dioxide challenge in panic disorder.	2001 Feb	11177112
A combined carbon dioxide/erbium laser for soft and hard tissue procedures.	2001 Jan	12524889
[Sinusoidal modulated currents alone and in combination with carbon dioxide-hydrogen sulfide baths in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].	2001 Jul-Aug	11561300
Resonance Raman studies of the iron(II)--alpha-keto acid chromophore in model and enzyme complexes.	2001 May 30	11457330
Complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the atrazine catabolic plasmid pADP-1 from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP.	2001 Oct	11544232
An indirect ELISA for detection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in farmed blue foxes (Alopex lagopus).	2002	12831174
Spontaneous disappearance of refractory viral warts at distant sites following carbon-dioxide laser treatment.	2002 Dec	12550131
Benzothiazole degradation by Rhodococcus pyridinovorans strain PA: evidence of a catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity.	2002 Dec	12450835
Salivary cortisol concentrations before and after carbon-dioxide inhalations in children.	2002 Feb 15	11958784
HPV in "carcinoma in situ" associated with HIV/AIDS infection: a case report.	2002 Mar-Apr	11887014
Chemical inactivation of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase allows for the accumulation of salicylic acid in elicited cells.	2002 Oct	12376665
Site of nucleophilic attack and ring opening of five-membered heterocyclic 2,3-diones: a density functional theory study.	2002 Oct 18	12375982
Induction of carbofuran oxidation to 4-hydroxycarbofuran by Pseudomonas sp. 50432.	2002 Sep 10	12351226
Pheophytin-protein interactions in photosystem II studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy of modified reaction centers.	2002 Sep 24	12234187
[Comparative estimation of effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for postoperative pain management].	2003	14997820
Acoustic attenuation in gas mixtures with nitrogen: experimental data and calculations.	2003 Apr	12703699
Applications of laser-based ultrasonics to the characterization of the internal structure of teeth.	2003 Jul	12880066
[Effect of premedication on the formation of postoperative pain syndrome].	2003 Jul-Aug	14524007
Identification of intramembrane hydrogen bonding between 13(1) keto group of bacteriochlorophyll and serine residue alpha27 in the LH2 light-harvesting complex.	2003 Oct 17	14556909
Carbon-dioxide laser-assisted tonsil ablation for adults with chronic tonsillitis: a 6-month follow-up study.	2003 Sep	12700916
Energy cost and cardiorespiratory changes during the practice of Surya Namaskar.	2004 Apr	15521557
Tretinoin treatment before carbon-dioxide laser resurfacing: a clinical and biochemical analysis.	2004 Dec	15583586
Dynamic co-evolution of peptides and chemical energetics, a gateway to the emergence of homochirality and the catalytic activity of peptides.	2004 Feb	14979643
Lack of difference in the rates of hypopigmentation with 90-microsecond pulsed and longer dwell time carbon-dioxide laser resurfacing.	2004 Feb	14726880
CO2, not HCO3-, facilitates oxidations by Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase plus H2O2.	2004 Jan 20	14711995
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected medicinal plants--effects of high pressure and added ethanol on yield of extracted substances.	2004 Jan-Feb	14979527
Influence of the organophosphorus insecticide phosphamidon on lentic water.	2004 Jul	15847349
Treatment of vitiligo by transplantation of cultured pure melanocyte suspension: analysis of 120 cases.	2004 Jul	15243526
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of chamomile flowers: extraction efficiency, stability, and in-line inclusion of chamomile-carbon dioxide extract in beta-cyclodextrin.	2004 Jul-Aug	15311845
Direct determination of carbon dioxide in aqueous solution using mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers.	2004 Jun	15198817
Enzymatic reactions in anaerobic 2-methylnaphthalene degradation by the sulphate-reducing enrichment culture N 47.	2004 Nov 1	15500985
Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley alkynylation of aldehydes: essential modification of aluminium alkoxides for rate acceleration and asymmetric synthesis.	2004 Nov 21	15534709
Metabolism of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by Rhodococcus rhodochrous.	2004 Oct	15466583
Photochemical preparation of highly functionalized 1-indanones.	2004 Oct 29	15497985
Difference between diabetic and nondiabetic smokers in the pituitary response to physical exercise.	2004 Sep	15334375
Retention characteristics of porous graphitic carbon in subcritical fluid chromatography with carbon dioxide-methanol mobile phases.	2004 Sep 3	15453424
Anti-L-selectin antibody therapy does not worsen the postseptic course in a baboon model.	2005	16356222
Coupling aggressive mass removal with microbial reductive dechlorination for remediation of DNAPL source zones: a review and assessment.	2005 Apr	15811838
Metabolism of the aliphatic nitramine 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal by Methylobacterium sp. strain JS178.	2005 Aug	16085803
Optical-fiber-to-waveguide coupling using carbon-dioxide-laser-induced long-period fiber gratings.	2005 Aug 15	16127916
Angiokeratoma circumscriptum naeviforme: successful treatment with carbon-dioxide laser vaporization.	2005 Feb	15762221
Strong effects of an individual water molecule on the rate of light-driven charge separation in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center.	2005 Jul 22	15908429
Physico-chemical characteristics of Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles varuna breeding water in a dry zone stream in Sri Lanka.	2005 Jun	16161702
Identification of 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oic acid, 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoic acid, and 2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoic acid and related enzymes involved in testosterone degradation in Comamonas testosteroni TA441.	2005 Sep	16151114
Differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells into cells with a neural phenotype: diverse effects of two specific treatments.	2006 Feb 16	16483379
Potentiating effect of tramadol on methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice.	2006 Mar	16432683
Characterisation of stationary phases in subcritical fluid chromatography with the solvation parameter model. III. Polar stationary phases.	2006 Mar 31	16487536

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Carbon dioxide is usually administered through the lungs by inhalation. The major exceptions are when a metered supply is fed into the oxygenator of an extracorporeal circulation of a cardiopulmonary bypass system, and when the gas is used for laparoscopic surgery. As an additive to beverages, carbon dioxide is consumed orally.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:39:24 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Fri Dec 15 15:39:24 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	142M471B3J
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Classification Tree Code System Code

LOINC

16551-4