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Restrict the search for
amphotericin b
to a specific field?
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2003)
Source:
NDA021388
(2003)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Talcum powder is made from talc, a mineral made up mainly of the elements magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. As a powder, it absorbs moisture well and helps cut down on friction, making it useful for keeping skin dry and helping to prevent rashes. It is widely used in cosmetic products such as baby powder and adult body and facial powders, as well as in a number of other consumer products. The therapeutic action of talc instilled into the pleural cavity is believed to result from induction of an inflammatory reaction. This reaction promotes adherence of the visceral and parietal pleura, obliterating the pleural space and preventing reaccumulation of pleural fluid. Sterile Talc Powder, administered intrapleurally via chest tube, is indicated as a sclerosing agent to decrease the recurrence of malignant pleural effusions in symptomatic patients. The most often reported adverse experiences to intrapleurally-administered talc were fever and pain.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1981)
Source:
NDA018469
(1981)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Calcium Phosphate N.F.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Phosphate is a major intracellular anion in mammals. Hydrogen phopshate is a protonated form of phosphate. In serum, phosphate exists in two forms, dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4) and its salt, mono-hydrogen phosphate (HPO4). At the physiologic pH of 7.40, the pK of H2PO4 is 6.8 and the ratio of HPO4 to H2PO4 is 4:1. Altered level of phosphate can be an indicator of various disorders, such as chronic renal failure, hypoparathyroidism, familial intermittent hyperphosphatemia, endocrine disorders, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, juvenile hypogonadism, etc. These disorders may lead to either hyper- or hypophosphatemia, which can be caused by cellular shifts of phosphate. Patients with hypophosphatemia can be treated with dietary phosphate supplements (potassium phosphate, for example).
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1984)
Source:
NDA019011
(1984)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Sodium Sulphate U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Sodium sulfate anhydrous is an electrolyte replenisher and is used in isosmotic solutions so that administration does not disturb normal electrolyte balance and does not lead to absorption or excretion of water and ions. It is indicated for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy or barium enema X-ray examination. Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution is indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy in adults.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1985)
Source:
NDA020145
(1985)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Spirit of Glyceryl Trinitrate U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is an organic nitrate that has been used for the treatment of angina pectoris. Upon administration, the drug undergoes exstensive metabolism to NO which causes vasodilation and the relaxation of smooth muscle cells. The compound belongs to a familiy of explosive substances and may be used accordingly.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1984)
Source:
NDA018680
(1984)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
COPPER is a heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu. It is commonly used in contraceptive intrauterine devices (IUD) which birth control effectiveness is enhanced by COPPER continuously released into the uterine cavity. Mechanism(s) by which COPPER enhances contraceptive efficacy include interference with sperm transport and fertilization of an egg, and possibly prevention of implantation.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1984)
Source:
ANDA088638
(1984)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Acetic acid (a component of vinagre) is used in medicine for the treatment of otitis externa caused by bacterial infections. The solution containing acetic acid was approved by FDA.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1976)
Source:
NDA017641
(1976)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Elixir of Iron Lactate N.F.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
Sodium lactate is primarily indicated as a source of bicarbonate for prevention or control of mild to moderate metabolic acidosis in patients
with restricted oral intake whose oxidative processes are not seriously impaired. Sodium Lactate is most commonly associated with an E number of “E325” Sodium Lactate blends are commonly used in meat and poultry products to extend shelf life and increase food safety. They have a broad antimicrobial action and are effective at inhibiting most spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. In addition sodium lactate is used in cosmetics as a humectant, providing moisture.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2016)
Source:
NDA208036
(2016)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1912
Source:
Barium Sulphate
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Barium sulfate, an insoluble in water substance, which was approved under the brand name E-Z-HD for use in double-contrast radiographic examinations of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum to visualize the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in patients 12 years and older. Due to its high atomic number, barium is opaque to x-rays and therefore acts as a positive contrast agent for radiographic studies.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2022)
Source:
NDA215910
(2022)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1912
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Phenobarbital is a barbiturate derivative used to treat insomnia and anxiety, seizures, hyperbilirubinemia in neonates and cholestasis. Phenobarbital promotes binding to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2013)
Source:
NDA206024
(2013)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1899
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen occurs in all living organisms. It is a constituent element of amino acids and therefore of proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Nitrogen is found in the chemical structure of almost all neurotransmitters and is a key component of alkaloids. Specific bacteria (e. g. Rhizobium trifolium) possess nitrogenase enzymes which can fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form (ammonium ion) which is chemically useful to higher organisms. Animals use nitrogen-containing amino acids from plant sources, as starting materials for all nitrogen-compound animal biochemistry, including the manufacture of proteins and nucleic acids. Animal metabolism of NO (nitric oxide) results in production of nitrite. Animal metabolism of nitrogen in proteins generally results in excretion of urea, while animal metabolism of nucleic acids results in excretion of urea and uric acid. The characteristic odor of animal flesh decay is caused by nitrogen-containing long-chain amines, such as putrescine and cadaverine. Decay of organisms and their waste products may produce small amounts of nitrate, but most decay eventually returns nitrogen content to the atmosphere, as molecular nitrogen. The circulation of nitrogen from the atmosphere through organics and then back to the atmosphere is commonly referred to as the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen can be measured in urine with the Kjeldahl method or by spectrophotometric methods (enzymic tests). Total urinary nitrogen is calculated based on urea urinary nitrogen quantified with these methods. Liquid nitrogen (E941) is widely used in food industry as a freezing agent and as a protection against the impact of microorganisms. Nitrogen (E941) extends the period of validity of food and maintains its nutrients and is also used for packing products. In other fields of industry, nitrogen (E941) is useful in suppressing the combustion processes and in creating protective environment in order to avoid oxidation.
Medical nitrogen has various medical uses, especially in liquid form when it provides temperatures as low as -196° C. Applications of medical nitrogen in the healthcare environment may include the following:
* In cryopreservation for the long-term preservation of blood, blood components, other cells, body fluids or tissue samples.
* In cryosurgery for minor surgical procedures in dermatology.
* As a component in many gas mixtures.
* As a displacement medium for sterile equipment, a non-oxidising displacement medium in pharmaceutical vials and as a propellant in pressurised aerosol dispensers.
* As a source of pneumatic pressure to power gas-operated medical devices.
* As a coolant for carbon dioxide surgical lasers.
