Squalene is a naturally occurring polyprenyl compound primarily known for its key role as an intermediate in cholesterol synthesis. It received its name because of its occurrence in shark liver oil (Squalus spp.), which contains large quantities and is considered the richest source of squalene. However, it is widely distributed in nature, with reasonable amounts found in olive oil, palm oil, wheat-germ oil, amaranth oil, and rice bran oil. The primary therapeutic use of squalene currently is as an adjunctive therapy in a variety of cancers. Although epidemiological, experimental and animal evidence suggests anti-cancer properties, to date no human trials have been conducted to verify the role this nutrient might have in cancer therapy regimens.

Gold chloride (AUCl3), dihydrate, also called gold trichloride or auric chlorise, is a compound comprised of gold and chloride. It exists as a chloride-bridged dimer, both as a solid and as a vapor. AUCl3 is very hygroscopic and highly soluble in water and ethanol. It is used in organic chemistry as a mild acid catalyst and as a alternative to mercury salts. It is known to cause allergic reactions in subjects with known gold allergy.

Chromium is a metallic element (atomic number: 24, atomic mass: 51.99), it is a mineral essential in the action of insulin and is present in very small quantities in many enzymes. Chromium is also present in many foods such as brewers' yeast, seeds, peanuts, wheat germ and skimmed milk. Chromium Cr-51 is an isotope of chromium that is observationally stable. When intravenously administered, it is used as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical agent to determine the red blood cell volume or mass, study the red blood cell survival time and evaluate blood loss. Chromium 51 is also used for labeling platelets, and for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Glycocholic acid (GCA) is an important metabolite of bile acids, a conjugate of cholic acid with glycine. GCA urine levels are expected to be a specific diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The average GCA concentrations of HCC patients in plasma and urine were about 25 and 2.8 times than that of healthy volunteers.

Toluene is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated with paint thinners. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a CH3 group attached to a phenyl group. The major use of toluene is as a mixture added to gasoline to improve octane ratings. Toluene is also usedto produce benzene and as a solvent in paints, coatings, synthetic fragrances, adhesives, inks, and cleaningagents. Toluene is also used in the production of polymers used to make nylon, plastic soda bottles, andpolyurethanes and for pharmaceuticals, dyes, cosmetic nail products, and the synthesis of organicchemicals. The CNS is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals for acute and chronicexposures. CNS dysfunction (which is often reversible) and narcosis have been frequently observed inhumans acutely exposed to low or moderate levels of toluene by inhalation; symptoms include fatigue,sleepiness, headaches, and nausea. CNS depression and death have occurred at higher levels of exposure. Toluene is used in veterinary medicine as a treatment for various parasites in dogs and cats. It is used for the removal of ascarids (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina) and hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala) and as an aid in removing tapeworms (Taenia pisiformis, Dipylidium caninum, and Echinococcus granulosus) from dogs and cats.

Creatinine is a product of metabolism of creatine phosphate, a molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of a brain and skeletal muscle. Creatinine is excreted by kidneys with little or no reabsorption. Serum creatinine is the most commonly used indicator of renal function.

Molybdenum Hexachloride is an inorganic diamagnetic compound used for catalytic polymerization of cycloolefins.