Tiracizine a drug belongs to the new class I antiarrhythmic agent was studied in patients with ischemic heart disease, where was shown, that the drug could decrease myocardial contractile function.

Suloctidil is considered to be calcium antagonist. In addition to its vascular antispasmodic activity, suloctidil affects blood platelets and enhances brain energy metabolism. Suloctidil was being evaluated in many clinical trials for use in dementia and thrombotic disorders. Suloctidil induces hepatotoxicity.

Terodiline is a racemic compound, and its main indication was detrusor instability syndrome. With effects on detrusor muscles, terodiline was used for bladder incontinence. Terodiline has both anticholinergic and calcium antagonist properties and, as a result, effectively reduces abnormal bladder contractions caused by detrusor instability. When administered to adult patients with urge incontinence (generally as a 25mg twice-daily dose) terodiline reduces diurnal and nocturnal micturition frequency and incontinence episodes. The (R)-enantiomer of terodiline (R( )-terodiline) can trigger cardiovascular toxicities, such as LQTS and TdP, which led to its withdrawal in 1991. Terodiline under the brand name Micturin was licensed and marketed in the United Kingdom, in 1986, for the management of a specific form of urinary incontinence, detrusor instability. It was eventually marketed in 20 other countries, mainly in Europe and Japan, but not the United States of America.

Otilonium is a musculotropic spasmolytic agent belonging to the family of quaternary ammonium derivatives and successfully used in the treatment of patients affected by Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) due to its specific pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The positive polarity of the head of the Otilonium molecule determines the main pharmacokinetic property of this drug: a minimal systemic absorption and the consequently high safety profile. Studies on animal models revealed a specific Otilonium accumulation in colonic circular muscle at therapeutic µm concentrations, while its plasma levels were 1000 times lower, together with a poor penetration of the drug in the central nervous system. Consistently, after oral administration to healthy volunteers, the Otilonium plasmatic concentration was very low, less than 1% of the drug was eliminated by urine, and 97% was eliminated by feces. Recent clinical studies showed comparable safety and tolerability for Otilonium and placebo. Otilonium was shown to inhibit the main patterns of human sigmoid motility in vitro, including: the tone of smooth muscle cells (SMCs); the rhythmic phasic contractions induced by the interstitial cells of Cajal; and the strong contractions induced by stimulation of enteric motor neurons mainly by blocking the calcium influx through L-type calcium channels on SMCs. Recent in vitro studies using cultured human colonic SMCs to further assess the musculotropic spasmolytic properties of Otilonium confirmed that this drug causes smooth muscle relaxation through the inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels (L-type > T-type) and the inhibition of muscarinic and tachykinergic effects.

Zofenopril is an inhibitor of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), which is approved in Europe for the treatment of hypertension and acute myocardial infarction.

Dropropizine is a cough suppressant. It has peripheral action in non-productive cough. Dropropizine is commercialized in Latin American and African countries.

Pipemidic Acid is a quinolone antibacterial agent. It’s used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, recidive cystitis, prolongation of the therapy of pyelonephritis (prolonged therapy at patients with tendency to recidives. It belongs to DNA Gyrase inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibacterial pharmacological group. Pipemidic acid is contraindicated at conditions of proved hypersensitivity, severe renal and hepatic insufficiency, cirrhosis of the liver, porphyria, diseases of the central nervous system (epilepsy and neurological conditions with low level for convulsions). Pipemidic acid is contraindicated at children and adolescents at growing phase.

Cilazapril (Vascace and Dynorm are brand names in a number of European countries) is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE; kininase II) inhibitor. It competes with angiotensin I for binding at the angiotensin-converting enzyme, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Cilazapril is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat. The half-life (30–50 hours) of cilazapril allows for once daily dosing unless the hypertension is severe. Cilazapril is used for the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, post-myocardial infarction, and some other indications. Adverse events were mostly observed within the first 8-16 weeks of treatment, with headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, cough and chest pain being the most frequent.

Fenoterol is a beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist, used as a bronchodilator for the treatment and prevention of bronchospasms, associated with asthma and chronic obstructive airway disease, including bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Fenoterol is also used for tocolysis during premature labor. Marketing of fenoterol for treatment of asthma was suspended in Australia and New Zealand because of an increased risk of deaths, most likely due to excessive self-administration of the drug.

Oxypertine (Equipertine, Forit, Integrin, Lanturil, Lotawin, Opertil) is a neuroleptic drug and was originally introduced as a treatment for schizophrenia in the 1960s. Oxypertine is an indole derivative with general properties similar to those of the phenothiazine, chlorpromazine. It has been given by mouth in the treatment of various psychoses including schizophrenia, mania, and disturbed behaviour, and of severe anxiety. Like reserpine and tetrabenazine, oxypertine depletes catecholamines, though not serotonin, possibly underlying its neuroleptic efficacy. The molecular structure is strongly similar to solypertine and milipertine.